@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix scra: <https://mrsupplychain.ai/scra/ns#> .
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .

scra:SCRA a skos:ConceptScheme ;
  dct:title "Supply Chain Reference Architecture (SCRA)"@en ;
  dct:hasVersion "2.2.0" ;
  dct:creator "Ismael López — Mr. Supply Chain®" .

scra:Pillar_Innovation a skos:Collection ; skos:prefLabel "Innovation"@en ; skos:member scra:D01 .
scra:Pillar_Operations a skos:Collection ; skos:prefLabel "Operations"@en ; skos:member scra:D02, scra:D03, scra:D05, scra:D06, scra:D07, scra:D08 .
scra:Pillar_Commercial a skos:Collection ; skos:prefLabel "Commercial"@en ; skos:member scra:D04, scra:D09, scra:D11 .
scra:Pillar_Intelligence a skos:Collection ; skos:prefLabel "Intelligence"@en ; skos:member scra:D10, scra:D12, scra:D13, scra:D14, scra:D15, scra:D16 .
scra:Pillar_Governance a skos:Collection ; skos:prefLabel "Governance"@en ; skos:member scra:D17, scra:D18, scra:D19, scra:D20, scra:D21 .

scra:D01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Product & Asset Lifecycle"@en , "Ciclo de Vida de Producto y Activos"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D01_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "New Product Introduction (NPI)"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01 .
scra:D01_npi_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Design-to-BOM & BOM structuring"@en , "Diseño a BOM y estructuración de listas de materiales"@es ;
  skos:definition "Translating engineering designs into a structured, procurable Bill of Materials. Covers multi-level BOM creation, part number governance, approved vendor lists (AVL), and BOM accuracy validation against design intent."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_01 .
scra:D01_npi_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cost modeling & should-cost analysis"@en , "Modelado de costos y análisis should-cost"@es ;
  skos:definition "Building bottom-up cost models for new products using should-cost methodology — estimating what a component or assembly should cost based on materials, labor, overhead, and profit, independent of supplier quotes."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_01 .
scra:D01_npi_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "DFM / Design-for-Supply-Chain reviews"@en , "DFM y revisiones Design-for-Supply-Chain"@es ;
  skos:definition "Structured design reviews evaluating product designs against supply chain criteria: component commonality, supplier availability, lead time risk, assembly complexity, and packaging efficiency."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_01 .
scra:D01_npi_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supplier specification & early sourcing"@en , "Especificación de proveedores y sourcing temprano"@es ;
  skos:definition "Engaging the supply base during product development — before designs are frozen — to align specifications with supplier capabilities, identify long-lead items, and begin qualification."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_01 .
scra:D01_npi_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Prototype supply & sample management"@en , "Abastecimiento de prototipos y gestión de muestras"@es ;
  skos:definition "Managing the procurement, logistics, and tracking of prototype components and engineering samples across EVT, DVT, and PVT builds with full traceability."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_01 .
scra:D01_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Engineering Change Order (ECO) Management"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01 .
scra:D01_eco_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "ECO classification & impact assessment"@en , "Clasificación de ECO y evaluación de impacto"@es ;
  skos:definition "Categorizing engineering changes by urgency (safety, quality, cost, feature) and scope. Impact assessment quantifies affected inventory, open purchase orders, and production schedules before the change is approved."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_02 .
scra:D01_eco_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cross-functional ECO governance"@en , "Gobernanza cross-funcional de ECOs"@es ;
  skos:definition "The review and approval process bringing together engineering, supply chain, quality, finance, and operations to evaluate and authorize changes, defining cut-in dates and assigning accountability."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_02 .
scra:D01_eco_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory disposition (scrap/rework/use-as-is)"@en , "Disposición de inventario: scrap, rework y uso como está"@es ;
  skos:definition "Determining what to do with existing stock of parts affected by an ECO: consume before cut-in, rework to new specification, return to supplier, or scrap."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_02 .
scra:D01_eco_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supplier communication & re-qualification"@en , "Comunicación con proveedores y re-calificación"@es ;
  skos:definition "Formally notifying affected suppliers of specification changes, updating purchase orders, and managing required re-qualification activities (PPAP, FAI, lab testing)."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_02 .
scra:D01_eco_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "ECO velocity metrics"@en , "Métricas de velocidad de ECO"@es ;
  skos:definition "Measuring the speed and quality of ECO execution: cycle time from initiation to approval, time-to-cut-in, obsolescence cost per ECO, and first-time-right rate."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_02 .
scra:D01_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "EOL & Last-Time-Buy Strategy"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01 .
scra:D01_eol_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "EOL trigger & timeline definition"@en , "Definición de trigger y timeline de EOL"@es ;
  skos:definition "Identifying the signals that initiate EOL planning and translating them into a structured timeline with milestones for last order, last shipment, and product discontinuation."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_03 .
scra:D01_eol_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "LTB quantity optimization"@en , "Optimización de cantidad LTB"@es ;
  skos:definition "Statistical modeling of the optimal last-time-buy quantity using remaining demand forecast, service life requirements, part failure rates, and carrying cost of inventory."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_03 .
scra:D01_eol_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Phase-out inventory management"@en , "Gestión de inventario en phase-out"@es ;
  skos:definition "Active management of existing stock through the EOL period: prioritizing consumption, rebalancing across locations, and coordinating with sales to accelerate consumption."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_03 .
scra:D01_eol_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Successor product transition planning"@en , "Planeación de transición al producto sucesor"@es ;
  skos:definition "Synchronizing the ramp-down of the EOL product with the ramp-up of its successor — managing parallel inventory positions and the operational complexity of running two configurations simultaneously."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_03 .
scra:D01_eol_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Regulatory disposal obligations"@en , "Obligaciones regulatorias de disposición"@es ;
  skos:definition "Managing compliance requirements associated with EOL products: WEEE recycling obligations, hazardous material disposal, take-back program logistics, and documentation requirements."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_03 .
scra:D01_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Asset Lifecycle Management"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01 .
scra:D01_alm_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Asset acquisition & commissioning SC"@en , "Cadena de suministro de adquisición y comisionamiento de activos"@es ;
  skos:definition "Managing the supply chain activities required to bring a new asset into service: procurement of capital equipment, vendor coordination for installation, and spare parts initial provisioning."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_04 .
scra:D01_alm_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Maintenance supply chain (MRO integration)"@en , "Cadena de suministro de mantenimiento (integración MRO)"@es ;
  skos:definition "Integrating the asset maintenance schedule with the MRO supply chain — ensuring critical spare parts are available when maintenance windows occur and minimizing asset downtime."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_04 .
scra:D01_alm_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Asset modernization & upgrade supply"@en , "Cadena de suministro de modernización y actualización de activos"@es ;
  skos:definition "Planning the supply chain for mid-life asset upgrades: retrofit kits, technology updates, and capability expansions involving one-time procurement of specialized components."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_04 .
scra:D01_alm_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Decommissioning & asset disposal"@en , "Descomisionamiento y disposición de activos"@es ;
  skos:definition "Managing the logistics, environmental compliance, and value recovery associated with retiring physical assets, including equipment remarketing and hazardous material handling."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_04 .
scra:D01_alm_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Fleet & equipment lifecycle planning"@en , "Planeación del ciclo de vida de flotilla y equipo"@es ;
  skos:definition "Lifecycle planning for fleets of similar assets — modeling replacement cycles, coordinating bulk procurement for economies of scale, and managing transitions between equipment generations."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_04 .
scra:D01_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Make-vs-Buy Structural Decisions"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01 .
scra:D01_mvb_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Core competency framework"@en , "Marco de competencias core"@es ;
  skos:definition "Defining which capabilities are core to competitive advantage and should be retained in-house, versus which are commodity processes where external specialization creates more value."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_05 .
scra:D01_mvb_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Total cost of ownership (TCO) modeling"@en , "Modelado de TCO (Costo Total de Propiedad)"@es ;
  skos:definition "Building comprehensive cost models that go beyond unit price to include tooling investment, quality costs, logistics, overhead absorption, flexibility premium, and risk-adjusted cost of supply disruption."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_05 .
scra:D01_mvb_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Outsourcing risk & dependency analysis"@en , "Análisis de riesgo y dependencia en outsourcing"@es ;
  skos:definition "Assessing supply chain risks created by outsourcing: supplier concentration, geographic exposure, IP risk, loss of internal capability, and switching cost if the relationship must be unwound."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_05 .
scra:D01_mvb_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Insourcing economics & capacity"@en , "Economía del insourcing y capacidad"@es ;
  skos:definition "Evaluating the economics of bringing previously outsourced capabilities back in-house: capital investment, breakeven volume, workforce requirements, and time to rebuild internal expertise."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_05 .
scra:D01_mvb_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Co-manufacturing evaluation criteria"@en , "Criterios de evaluación de co-manufactura"@es ;
  skos:definition "Assessing potential contract manufacturing partners against supply chain criteria: capacity, quality systems maturity, geographic location, financial stability, and technology capability."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_05 .
scra:D01_L2_06 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Recipe & Formula Management"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01 .
scra:D01_rfm_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Ingredient BOM & substitution management"@en , "Gestión de BOM de ingredientes y sustitución"@es ;
  skos:definition "Managing the formula BOM — master ingredient lists, approved substitutes, and the qualification process for alternative suppliers or ingredients when primary sources face shortage or price spikes."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_06 .
scra:D01_rfm_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Batch record & genealogy traceability"@en , "Registros de lote y trazabilidad de genealogía"@es ;
  skos:definition "Maintaining complete traceability from raw ingredient lot to finished product batch, with full documentation for regulatory inspection and product recall capability."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_06 .
scra:D01_rfm_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Regulatory ingredient compliance"@en , "Cumplimiento regulatorio de ingredientes"@es ;
  skos:definition "Ensuring every ingredient meets the regulatory requirements of each market: permitted additives lists, maximum residue levels, country-of-origin restrictions, allergen labeling, and certification requirements."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_06 .
scra:D01_rfm_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Shelf-life & stability supply planning"@en , "Planeación de SC por vida de anaquel y estabilidad"@es ;
  skos:definition "Planning the supply chain to respect ingredient and finished product shelf life constraints: FIFO inventory, temperature-controlled logistics, expiry tracking, and minimum remaining shelf life requirements."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_06 .
scra:D01_rfm_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Formula change & re-validation SC impact"@en , "Impacto en SC de cambios de fórmula y re-validación"@es ;
  skos:definition "Managing supply chain implications of formula modifications: regulatory re-submission timelines, stability testing requirements, affected inventory disposition, and the production transition window."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_06 .
scra:D01_L2_07 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Product Regulatory & Homologation"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01 .
scra:D01_prh_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Certification supply chain planning"@en , "Planeación de SC para certificación"@es ;
  skos:definition "Planning the supply chain activities required to support product certification: engineering sample procurement, test unit logistics to certification bodies, and timeline management aligned with the launch schedule."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_07 .
scra:D01_prh_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Country-specific homologation requirements"@en , "Requisitos de homologación por país"@es ;
  skos:definition "Managing variation in technical requirements across markets — voltage standards, frequency bands, safety standards, labeling requirements, and emissions limits requiring product variants."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_07 .
scra:D01_prh_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Testing & lab sample logistics"@en , "Logística de pruebas y muestras de laboratorio"@es ;
  skos:definition "Managing end-to-end logistics of regulatory testing: sample production scheduling, custody chain documentation, international shipping with customs clearance for test units."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_07 .
scra:D01_prh_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Regulatory change monitoring"@en , "Monitoreo de cambios regulatorios"@es ;
  skos:definition "Continuously monitoring regulatory environments for changes affecting existing certified products — new standards, amended requirements — and assessing the supply chain impact of required modifications."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_07 .
scra:D01_prh_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Product registration & market clearance"@en , "Registro de producto y autorización de mercado"@es ;
  skos:definition "Managing the administrative supply chain of product registration: preparing country dossiers, coordinating with local regulatory representatives, and planning inventory build-up aligned with market clearance dates."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D01_L2_07 .
scra:D02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply Chain Planning"@en , "Planeación de la Cadena de Suministro"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D02_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand Planning & Forecasting"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02 .
scra:D02_dem_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Statistical forecasting & model selection"@en , "Pronóstico estadístico y selección de modelos"@es ;
  skos:definition "Selecting and configuring the right statistical model (ETS, ARIMA, Croston, regression) by product segment. Covers model hierarchy, aggregation levels, and the Forecast Value Added (FVA) framework for measuring process quality."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_01 .
scra:D02_dem_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand sensing & real-time signal integration"@en , "Demand sensing e integración de señales en tiempo real"@es ;
  skos:definition "Incorporating real-time market signals (POS data, sell-out, leading indicators) into the short-horizon forecast. Addresses bullwhip effect mitigation and the distinction between sell-in and sell-out signals."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_01 .
scra:D02_dem_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Promotional & event-driven forecasting"@en , "Pronóstico de promociones y eventos"@es ;
  skos:definition "Modeling promotional lift by mechanic type, managing the event calendar, and planning for the post-promo dip. Covers the accountability framework between sales and SC for promotional accuracy."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_01 .
scra:D02_dem_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "New product introduction (NPI) demand forecasting"@en , "Pronóstico de demanda en NPI"@es ;
  skos:definition "Forecasting demand for products with no history using analog products, market tests, and diffusion models (Bass). Addresses the structural optimism bias in NPI forecasts and the lifecycle model transition."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_01 .
scra:D02_dem_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "CPFR & collaborative demand planning (VMI)"@en , "CPFR y planeación colaborativa de demanda (VMI)"@es ;
  skos:definition "Collaborative planning frameworks (CPFR) and vendor-managed inventory (VMI) that replace unilateral forecasting with shared data and joint planning with key customers."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_01 .
scra:D02_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "S&OP / IBP Governance"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02 .
scra:D02_sop_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "S&OP process design & the 5-step model"@en , "Diseño del proceso S&OP y el modelo de 5 pasos"@es ;
  skos:definition "The 5-step S&OP process (data review, demand review, supply review, pre-S&OP, executive S&OP) with defined roles, outputs, and decision types at each stage."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_02 .
scra:D02_sop_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Integrated Business Planning (IBP) & financial bridge"@en , "IBP y puente financiero"@es ;
  skos:definition "IBP as the evolution of S&OP where operational plans translate automatically into financial impact (revenue, COGS, working capital). Covers the three integrated plans and the quantified service vs. capital trade-off."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_02 .
scra:D02_sop_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Scenario planning & what-if analysis in S&OP"@en , "Planeación de escenarios y análisis what-if en S&OP"@es ;
  skos:definition "Building useful scenarios with narratives, triggers, and financial implications. Covers the 3-scenario structure, what-if response time, and how modern IBP platforms enable real-time scenario exploration."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_02 .
scra:D02_sop_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Master data governance for planning"@en , "Gobernanza de datos maestros para planeación"@es ;
  skos:definition "The planning master data governance cycle: lead times, production capacities, safety stock policies, and BOMs. Covers the most common errors, their compounding impact on plan quality, and the governance cycle."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_02 .
scra:D02_sop_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "S&OP maturity model & KPI framework"@en , "Modelo de madurez de S&OP y marco de KPIs"@es ;
  skos:definition "The 5-level S&OP maturity model from reactive to full IBP. Covers the 4-layer KPI framework (process, plan quality, operational results, business value) and the levers for advancing maturity."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_02 .
scra:D02_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply Planning & Scheduling"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02 .
scra:D02_spl_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "MRP / MPS mechanics & parameter optimization"@en , "Mecánica de MRP/MPS y optimización de parámetros"@es ;
  skos:definition "How MRP translates the Master Production Schedule into material requirements. Covers the 4 critical parameters (lead time, lot size, safety stock, BOM) and the finite vs. infinite capacity limitation of classic MRP."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_03 .
scra:D02_spl_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Constrained supply & allocation planning"@en , "Planeación de suministro restringido y asignación"@es ;
  skos:definition "Managing demand that exceeds available supply: allocation criteria (pro-rata, margin priority, strategic customer), the S&OP as the allocation forum, and proactive customer communication of constraints."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_03 .
scra:D02_spl_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Production scheduling & sequence optimization"@en , "Programación de producción y optimización de secuencia"@es ;
  skos:definition "Translating MRP orders into optimized production sequences using setup matrices. Covers the frozen fence concept, schedule adherence metrics, and the OEE connection to schedule quality."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_03 .
scra:D02_spl_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supplier capacity management & supply commitment"@en , "Gestión de capacidad de proveedores y compromisos de suministro"@es ;
  skos:definition "Managing external supply constraints through supplier lead time monitoring, demand sharing, and supply commitment agreements (take-or-pay capacity reservation) for critical materials in constrained markets."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_03 .
scra:D02_spl_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Rough-Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP)"@en , "Planeación de Capacidad Rough-Cut (RCCP)"@es ;
  skos:definition "Verifying MPS feasibility against critical resource constraints before generating MRP orders. Covers the bill of resources, critical resource identification (the 20% that drives 80% of constraints), and RCCP integration in the S&OP."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_03 .
scra:D02_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory Strategy & Optimization"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02 .
scra:D02_inv_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "ABC-XYZ segmentation & inventory policy design"@en , "Construcción de business case de SC: VPN, TIR y payback para inversiones en SC"@es ;
  skos:definition "Segmenting the portfolio by value (ABC) and demand variability (XYZ) to design differentiated inventory policies. Covers the correct safety stock formula (k × √(σ²_d × LT + μ²_d × σ²_LT)) vs. rule-of-thumb approaches."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_04 .
scra:D02_inv_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Multi-echelon inventory optimization"@en , "Cuantificación de valor en SC: traduciendo KPIs operativos a EBIT y FCF"@es ;
  skos:definition "Optimizing inventory across all network nodes simultaneously rather than node-by-node. Covers the risk pooling effect, inventory positioning (centralized vs. decentralized), and the 20–35% inventory reduction potential vs. single-echelon policies."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_04 .
scra:D02_inv_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Slow-moving & obsolete (SLOB) inventory management"@en , "Presupuesto de costo de SC zero-based: construyendo la base de costos desde los primeros principios"@es ;
  skos:definition "Identifying, classifying, and disposing of slow-moving and obsolete inventory. Covers the 4 disposition options (liquidation, donation, reuse, scrap), root cause analysis, and preventive SLOB management."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_04 .
scra:D02_inv_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory reduction programs & working capital"@en , "Benchmarking de desempeño de SC: Gartner Top 25, SCOR y comparación de pares"@es ;
  skos:definition "Structuring an inventory reduction program using the 4 levers (SLOB liquidation, safety stock recalibration, lot size optimization, lead time reduction) without deteriorating service levels."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_04 .
scra:D02_inv_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory KPI dashboard & reporting framework"@en , "Balanced scorecard de SC: integrando perspectivas operativas, financieras y estratégicas"@es ;
  skos:definition "The 3-level reporting framework (operational, tactical, strategic) with the correct metrics at each level: fill rate vs. OTIF vs. in-stock rate distinction, DIO-to-working-capital translation, and carrying cost visibility."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_04 .
scra:D02_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Network Design & Segmentation"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02 .
scra:D02_nds_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Network design methodology & total landed cost"@en , "Metodología de diseño de red y costo total landed"@es ;
  skos:definition "The TLC framework for network decisions: all cost components from origin to point of use. Covers network optimization models, scenario analysis for future demand, and the 3–5 year review cycle."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_05 .
scra:D02_nds_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "DC / warehouse footprint strategy (own vs. 3PL)"@en , "Estrategia de footprint de CD/almacén (propio vs. 3PL)"@es ;
  skos:definition "The own vs. 3PL decision framework: breakeven analysis, flexibility value, and the hybrid hub-and-spoke model. Covers 3PL contract governance with SLAs, penalties, and performance review mechanisms."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_05 .
scra:D02_nds_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Nearshoring & supply chain reshoring strategy"@en , "Nearshoring y estrategia de reshoring de supply chain"@es ;
  skos:definition "TLC analysis for nearshoring decisions: manufacturing price vs. inventory-in-transit vs. tariff risk. Covers the Mexico/USMCA opportunity, realistic constraints on near-shorability by category, and the transition implementation approach."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_05 .
scra:D02_nds_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Last-mile & omnichannel distribution strategy"@en , "Estrategia de distribución omnicanal y última milla"@es ;
  skos:definition "Last-mile delivery models (own fleet, 3PL carrier, crowdsourced, click & collect) and their cost-service trade-offs. Covers omnichannel inventory sharing, channel assignment optimization, and reverse logistics cost."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_05 .
scra:D02_nds_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Customer segmentation & service differentiation"@en , "Segmentación de clientes y diferenciación de servicio"@es ;
  skos:definition "Cost-to-Serve (CTS) analysis to identify which customers are truly profitable after SC costs. Covers the 4-quadrant customer segmentation model and the use of CTS in commercial negotiations and service policy design."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_05 .
scra:D02_L2_06 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Resilience & Scenario Planning"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02 .
scra:D02_rsp_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain risk mapping & vulnerability assessment"@en , "Mapeo de riesgos SC y evaluación de vulnerabilidades"@es ;
  skos:definition "Systematic identification and prioritization of supply chain risks using the 4-category taxonomy (supply, manufacturing, logistics, demand). Covers the heat map methodology and multi-tier visibility requirements."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_06 .
scra:D02_rsp_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Business continuity planning (BCP) for supply chain"@en , "Planeación de continuidad de negocio (BCP) para SC"@es ;
  skos:definition "Designing and validating the BCP: escalation trees, pre-qualified alternative suppliers, contingency inventory, and tabletop exercises. Covers BCP activation time and Recovery Time Objective (RTO) metrics."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_06 .
scra:D02_rsp_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain disruption response & recovery"@en , "Respuesta y recuperación ante disrupciones SC"@es ;
  skos:definition "The 4-phase response framework (detect, allocate, communicate, recover) and the 72-hour decision window that determines disruption impact. Covers proactive customer communication and post-mortem methodology."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_06 .
scra:D02_rsp_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Dual sourcing & supply base diversification"@en , "Dual sourcing y diversificación de base de proveedores"@es ;
  skos:definition "Strategy and economics of dual sourcing: volume allocation models (80/20 vs. 70/30 vs. 50/50), prioritization by risk × impact, and the cost of dual sourcing vs. the cost of single-source disruption risk."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_06 .
scra:D02_rsp_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Geopolitical & tariff risk management in supply chains"@en , "Gestión de riesgo geopolítico y arancelario en cadenas globales"@es ;
  skos:definition "Active management of geopolitical concentration risk and tariff exposure. Covers the TLC impact of tariff changes, tariff engineering, the Mexico/T-MEC competitive advantage, and the geopolitical concentration index."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D02_L2_06 .
scra:D03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Manufacturing & Operations"@en , "Manufactura y Operaciones"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D03_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Production Scheduling & Capacity"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03 .
scra:D03_psc_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Advanced production scheduling & finite capacity planning"@en , "Programación avanzada de producción y planeación de capacidad finita"@es ;
  skos:definition "APS-driven sequencing that accounts for setup matrices, finite capacity, and production constraints. Covers algorithms, frozen fence design, and MES integration for real-time schedule feedback."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_01 .
scra:D03_psc_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "OEE measurement & improvement framework"@en , "Medición de OEE y marco de mejora"@es ;
  skos:definition "The Six Big Losses framework for measuring and improving Overall Equipment Effectiveness. Covers the three OEE components, the correct attack sequence, and connecting OEE to financial value."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_01 .
scra:D03_psc_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Capacity planning: bottleneck identification & debottlenecking"@en , "Planeación de capacidad: identificación y debottlenecking de cuellos de botella"@es ;
  skos:definition "Theory of Constraints (TOC) applied to manufacturing: identifying the true bottleneck, exploiting it before investing in capacity, and the 5-step TOC improvement process."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_01 .
scra:D03_psc_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SMED & changeover reduction"@en , "SMED y reducción de changeovers"@es ;
  skos:definition "Single-Minute Exchange of Die methodology: internal vs. external setup separation, the 4 SMED stages, and the secondary benefit of reducing the minimum economic lot size."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_01 .
scra:D03_psc_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Preventive & predictive maintenance (TPM & PdM)"@en , "Mantenimiento preventivo y predictivo (TPM & PdM)"@es ;
  skos:definition "Total Productive Maintenance architecture and predictive maintenance implementation. Covers the 8 TPM pillars, the autonomous maintenance pillar, and condition-based monitoring for critical equipment."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_01 .
scra:D03_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Quality Management Systems"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03 .
scra:D03_qms_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "QMS design: ISO 9001, IATF 16949 & GMP frameworks"@en , "Diseño de QMS: frameworks ISO 9001, IATF 16949 y GMP"@es ;
  skos:definition "Designing and implementing quality management systems. Covers ISO 9001 (generic), IATF 16949 (automotive), and GMP (pharma/food), and the PDCA cycle as the QMS engine."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_02 .
scra:D03_qms_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "FMEA, control plans & APQP in manufacturing"@en , "FMEA, planes de control y APQP en manufactura"@es ;
  skos:definition "PFMEA as the document that prevents failures before they occur, and the Control Plan as its operational translation. Covers the AIAG-VDA FMEA methodology and RPN prioritization."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_02 .
scra:D03_qms_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Statistical Process Control (SPC) & process capability"@en , "Control Estadístico de Proceso (SPC) y capacidad de proceso"@es ;
  skos:definition "SPC control charts for detecting special cause variation in real time. Covers control chart selection by data type, the 8 Nelson rules, and Cp/Cpk capability indices."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_02 .
scra:D03_qms_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Non-conformance management & 8D corrective actions"@en , "Gestión de no conformidades y acciones correctivas 8D"@es ;
  skos:definition "The full NCR lifecycle from detection to permanent prevention. Covers the 8D methodology, root cause analysis tools (5 Whys, Ishikawa, Is/Is-Not), and the D7 step that makes corrections sustainable."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_02 .
scra:D03_qms_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supplier quality management & PPAP"@en , "Gestión de calidad de proveedores y PPAP"@es ;
  skos:definition "PPAP as the production part approval process for qualifying supplier manufacturing capability. Covers the SQM program structure with scorecards, second-party audits, and supplier development plans."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_02 .
scra:D03_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Shop Floor Execution & MES"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03 .
scra:D03_sfe_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "MES architecture & shop floor data integration"@en , "Arquitectura MES e integración de datos de piso de planta"@es ;
  skos:definition "The ISA-95 model positioning MES between ERP and control systems. Covers MES functional modules (WO dispatch, genealogy, quality, OEE, material tracking) and the ROI case for implementation."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_03 .
scra:D03_sfe_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Traceability, genealogy & batch record management"@en , "Trazabilidad, genealogía y gestión de registros de lote"@es ;
  skos:definition "Forward and backward traceability systems for product genealogy and batch record management. Covers eBR requirements for regulated industries, mock recall exercises, and GS1 traceability standards."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_03 .
scra:D03_sfe_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Digital work instructions & operator guidance systems"@en , "Instrucciones de trabajo digitales y sistemas de guía al operador"@es ;
  skos:definition "Electronic work instructions with poka-yoke integration: barcode verification, digital torque confirmation, and step-by-step multimedia guidance at the point of use."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_03 .
scra:D03_sfe_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Real-time production monitoring & andon systems"@en , "Monitoreo de producción en tiempo real y sistemas andon"@es ;
  skos:definition "Andon systems that make production problems immediately visible and trigger fast response. Covers the plan vs. actual dashboard, alert escalation design, and the behavioral change driven by real-time visibility."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_03 .
scra:D03_sfe_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Energy management & sustainable manufacturing"@en , "Gestión de energía y manufactura sostenible"@es ;
  skos:definition "Energy performance management (ISO 50001, EnMS) and the three levels of energy reduction action. Covers Energy Intensity Index, Scope 1/2 carbon accounting, and the ROI framework for energy efficiency investments."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_03 .
scra:D03_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Lean & Continuous Improvement"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03 .
scra:D03_lea_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Value stream mapping & waste elimination (8 wastes)"@en , "Mapeo de flujo de valor y eliminación de desperdicios (8 desperdicios)"@es ;
  skos:definition "VSM methodology for making the complete value stream visible — distinguishing value-added from the 85–95% of manufacturing lead time that is waste. Covers the 8 wastes (TIMWOODS) and current vs. future state design."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_04 .
scra:D03_lea_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Kaizen events, 5S & visual management"@en , "Eventos kaizen, 5S y gestión visual"@es ;
  skos:definition "The Kaizen rapid improvement event as a focused 5-day intervention. Covers 5S as an organizational control system and the visual management standard of the 30-second floor assessment."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_04 .
scra:D03_lea_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Industry 4.0, IIoT & digital manufacturing"@en , "Industria 4.0, IIoT y manufactura digital"@es ;
  skos:definition "The convergence of physical manufacturing and digital systems. Covers IIoT architecture, digital twin, AI/ML in manufacturing, cobots, and the 5-level digital maturity model."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_04 .
scra:D03_lea_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) system integration"@en , "Integración del sistema TPM"@es ;
  skos:definition "TPM as an organization-wide equipment management system. Covers the Autonomous Maintenance 7-step progression, CIL standardization, and TPM connected to the OEE improvement roadmap."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_04 .
scra:D03_lea_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Six Sigma DMAIC & design of experiments (DoE)"@en , "Six Sigma DMAIC y diseño de experimentos (DoE)"@es ;
  skos:definition "DMAIC as the rigorous methodology for reducing process variability when root causes are unknown. Covers when to use DMAIC vs. Kaizen, Design of Experiments for factor optimization, and financial benefit validation."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_04 .
scra:D03_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Co-manufacturing & Contract Manufacturing"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03 .
scra:D03_cmf_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Co-manufacturing strategy, selection & governance"@en , "Estrategia de co-manufactura, selección y gobernanza"@es ;
  skos:definition "When and why to use co-manufacturing, and how to select and govern the relationship. Covers use cases (peak capacity, non-core capabilities, geographic expansion), the selection process, and contract governance with IP protection."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_05 .
scra:D03_cmf_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Co-man quality control, transfer protocols & tech transfer"@en , "Control de calidad co-man, protocolos de transferencia y tech transfer"@es ;
  skos:definition "The formal process of transferring the manufacturing process to a co-man. Covers documentation requirements, validation batch protocols (IQ/OQ/PQ), and managing deviations during ramp-up."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_05 .
scra:D03_cmf_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Co-man integration in S&OP & capacity planning"@en , "Integración del co-man en S&OP y planeación de capacidad"@es ;
  skos:definition "Modeling co-man capacity in the RCCP and S&OP as a formal production source. Covers the economics of when to activate co-man capacity and the financial trade-off vs. own capacity."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_05 .
scra:D03_cmf_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Make vs. buy analysis & vertical integration decisions"@en , "Análisis make vs. buy y decisiones de integración vertical"@es ;
  skos:definition "The full make vs. buy decision framework: TCO analysis, strategic factors (core competency, IP risk, flexibility), capex payback, and when vertical integration creates vs. destroys value."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_05 .
scra:D03_cmf_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Co-man performance management & continuous improvement"@en , "Gestión de desempeño del co-man y mejora continua"@es ;
  skos:definition "Managing the co-man scorecard (OTIF, PPM, cost), the formal improvement plan process, and the transfer of continuous improvement capabilities (SPC, SMED, 5S) to strengthen the co-man as a manufacturing partner."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_05 .
scra:D03_L2_06 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Yield Optimization & Process Engineering"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03 .
scra:D03_yop_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Yield analysis, scrap reduction & first pass yield"@en , "Análisis de yield, reducción de scrap y first pass yield"@es ;
  skos:definition "FPY and scrap analysis methodology: Pareto of defect types, separation of chronic vs. sporadic scrap, and quantification of the full cost of poor quality beyond the accounting scrap line."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_06 .
scra:D03_yop_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Process parameter optimization & robust process design"@en , "Optimización de parámetros de proceso y diseño robusto"@es ;
  skos:definition "DoE-based process optimization to find the parameter settings that maximize quality and yield. Covers Response Surface Methodology, Window of Operability, and Taguchi robust design."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_06 .
scra:D03_yop_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Process validation & IQ/OQ/PQ protocols"@en , "Validación de proceso y protocolos IQ/OQ/PQ"@es ;
  skos:definition "The IQ/OQ/PQ validation framework for demonstrating process capability. Covers protocol design, acceptance criteria, change control, and connection to regulated industry requirements."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_06 .
scra:D03_yop_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cost of manufacturing (COGS) analysis & cost reduction"@en , "Análisis de costo de manufactura (COGS) y reducción de costos"@es ;
  skos:definition "COGS decomposition by material, labor, and overhead, and the 5 vectors of manufacturing cost reduction. Covers standard cost vs. actual variance analysis and the COPQ as a cost reduction opportunity."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_06 .
scra:D03_yop_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "New product industrialization & process scale-up"@en , "Industrialización de nuevos productos y scale-up de proceso"@es ;
  skos:definition "The industrialization process from laboratory formula to stable commercial manufacturing. Covers the APQP framework, scale-up parameter identification, pilot-to-commercial DoE, and the metrics that define successful industrialization."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D03_L2_06 .
scra:D04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Strategic Sourcing & Procurement"@en , "Abastecimiento Estratégico y Compras"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D04_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Category Management & Sourcing Strategy"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04 .
scra:D04_cat_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Spend analysis & category segmentation"@en ;
  skos:definition "Collecting, classifying, and analyzing total organizational spend by category, supplier, and business unit. Covers the spend pyramid, Pareto concentration, and the spend cube architecture."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_01 .
scra:D04_cat_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Kraljic matrix & category strategy design"@en ;
  skos:definition "Classifying the procurement portfolio using the Kraljic matrix to define differentiated sourcing strategies for each quadrant: routine, leverage, bottleneck, and strategic."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_01 .
scra:D04_cat_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Competitive sourcing: RFI, RFP & e-auctions"@en ;
  skos:definition "Structuring competitive sourcing events that generate value beyond price. Covers when to use RFI vs. RFP vs. RFQ vs. e-auction, evaluation criteria design, and negotiation post-RFP."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_01 .
scra:D04_cat_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) modeling in sourcing"@en ;
  skos:definition "Calculating the true cost of a supplier relationship beyond purchase price: freight, tariffs, quality cost, inventory-in-transit, and management overhead."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_01 .
scra:D04_cat_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Tail spend management & procurement automation"@en ;
  skos:definition "Managing low-value, high-transaction spend through e-catalogs, P-cards, marketplace platforms, and process automation that reduces transaction cost by 60–80%."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_01 .
scra:D04_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supplier Relationship Management"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04 .
scra:D04_srm_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supplier segmentation & SRM program design"@en ;
  skos:definition "Designing the SRM program with differentiated management levels (strategic, preferred, approved, transactional) and the QBR governance structure for strategic suppliers."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_02 .
scra:D04_srm_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supplier performance scorecard & KPI framework"@en ;
  skos:definition "The QCDS (Quality, Cost, Delivery, Service) scorecard framework for measuring and communicating supplier performance."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_02 .
scra:D04_srm_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supplier development & capability building"@en ;
  skos:definition "Investing in the supplier's capabilities through process audits, methodology transfer (SPC, 5S, SMED), and joint value engineering."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_02 .
scra:D04_srm_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain risk & supplier resilience management"@en ;
  skos:definition "Evaluating suppliers across four risk dimensions: financial, operational, geopolitical, and ESG. Covers supplier BCP verification and multi-tier risk visibility."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_02 .
scra:D04_srm_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supplier innovation & value co-creation"@en ;
  skos:definition "Structured programs for capturing supplier innovations and joint value engineering that generate 3–8% material cost reduction annually."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_02 .
scra:D04_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Contract Management & Compliance"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04 .
scra:D04_ctr_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Contract lifecycle management (CLM) & repository"@en ;
  skos:definition "Managing the full contract lifecycle from creation to renewal. Covers centralized repositories, renewal alerts, ERP configuration of negotiated terms, and the risks of unmanaged contracts."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_03 .
scra:D04_ctr_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Price adjustment mechanisms & index-linked contracts"@en ;
  skos:definition "Designing contracts that adapt to commodity and cost volatility through index-linked pricing, material cost pass-through, and price escalation clauses."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_03 .
scra:D04_ctr_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Procurement compliance, ethics & anti-corruption"@en ;
  skos:definition "The compliance program governing how the company buys: anti-corruption laws, conflict of interest management, order fractionation controls, and whistleblowing channels."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_03 .
scra:D04_ctr_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Procurement in capital projects (EPC / Capex)"@en ;
  skos:definition "The specialized procurement process for capital projects: long lead item management, TBE/CBE bid evaluation, expediting, and Factory Acceptance Testing."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_03 .
scra:D04_ctr_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Procurement digital transformation & P2P automation"@en ;
  skos:definition "Automating the Purchase-to-Pay process from requisition to payment. Covers e-invoicing, 3-way matching, supplier portals, and the business case for P2P digitalization."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_03 .
scra:D04_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Global Sourcing & Trade Compliance"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04 .
scra:D04_gst_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Import/export compliance & customs management"@en ;
  skos:definition "Tariff classification accuracy, T-MEC/USMCA utilization, customs valuation, and tariff engineering to legally optimize the tariff burden in global sourcing."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_04 .
scra:D04_gst_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "ESG procurement: sustainable & responsible sourcing"@en ;
  skos:definition "The three ESG pillars in procurement, the supplier audit framework (EcoVadis, SMETA), and Scope 3 emissions measurement through the supply chain."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_04 .
scra:D04_gst_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Negotiation strategy & value-based negotiation"@en ;
  skos:definition "The full negotiation toolkit: competitive vs. collaborative approaches calibrated by Kraljic position, the 5 procurement negotiation levers, BATNA development, and savings realization measurement."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_04 .
scra:D04_gst_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Procurement KPIs, dashboards & value reporting"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4-layer procurement KPI framework (process efficiency, category outcomes, supplier management, business value) and translating procurement metrics into the CFO's financial language."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_04 .
scra:D04_gst_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Procurement talent, organization & digital skills"@en ;
  skos:definition "Building the modern procurement team: the 5 competencies of the strategic buyer, the digital skills gap, rotation programs, and the value-per-FTE productivity model."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_04 .
scra:D04_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Indirect Procurement & MRO"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04 .
scra:D04_ind_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Indirect spend categories: IT, HR, facilities & marketing"@en ;
  skos:definition "Category strategies for the major indirect spend categories: IT (enterprise licensing, shadow IT), HR (benefits, training), facilities (integrated contracts), and marketing (agency relationships)."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_05 .
scra:D04_ind_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "MRO procurement: maintenance, repair & operations"@en ;
  skos:definition "Managing the high-complexity, low-individual-value spend of maintenance materials and spare parts. Covers the integrated MRO distributor model, consignment inventory, and CMMS integration."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_05 .
scra:D04_ind_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Professional services procurement (consulting, legal, IT services)"@en ;
  skos:definition "Sourcing professional services with SOW design, team evaluation, and outcome-based contract models that align supplier incentives with results."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_05 .
scra:D04_ind_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Freight & logistics procurement (TMS & carrier management)"@en ;
  skos:definition "Lane-based freight procurement strategy, annual carrier bid methodology, contractual vs. spot mix optimization, and OTIF as a mandatory evaluation criterion."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_05 .
scra:D04_ind_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Outsourcing strategy & third-party service governance"@en ;
  skos:definition "The outsourcing decision framework (strategic, financial, operational, risk), SLA design with measurable metrics, exit clause requirements, and active governance post-contract."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_05 .
scra:D04_L2_06 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Procurement Analytics & Technology"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04 .
scra:D04_pat_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Procurement data architecture & spend cube"@en ;
  skos:definition "Building the multi-dimensional spend cube from multiple ERP and card sources. Covers ML-powered classification, the spend cube dimensions, and the data quality prerequisites for analytics."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_06 .
scra:D04_pat_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI & machine learning applications in procurement"@en ;
  skos:definition "The AI procurement application map: spend classification, contract intelligence, invoice matching, risk prediction, and supplier scoring — with realistic assessment of current limitations."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_06 .
scra:D04_pat_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supplier market intelligence & price benchmarking"@en ;
  skos:definition "Building the supplier alternative map, monitoring commodity indices, and using import/export trade data to establish the market price anchor in negotiations."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_06 .
scra:D04_pat_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Procurement platform selection & implementation"@en ;
  skos:definition "Evaluating SAP Ariba, Coupa, Ivalua, and Jaggaer: the selection criteria framework, ERP integration evaluation, and the post-go-live adoption program."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_06 .
scra:D04_pat_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Working capital optimization through procurement (DPO & SCF)"@en ;
  skos:definition "Using DPO extension and Supply Chain Finance (reverse factoring/confirming) to liberate working capital without damaging supplier relationships."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D04_L2_06 .
scra:D05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory Management"@en , "Gestión de Inventarios"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D05_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory Policy & Segmentation"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05 .
scra:D05_ips_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "ABC-XYZ segmentation & differentiated inventory policies"@en ;
  skos:definition "Combining value classification (ABC) and demand variability (XYZ) to design differentiated stocking policies — high SS for AZ where most stockouts concentrate, consignment for CZ."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_01 .
scra:D05_ips_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Safety stock calculation & service level optimization"@en ;
  skos:definition "The correct SS formula and the exponential cost-service curve that makes the trade-off explicit. Covers dynamic recalibration and differentiated service level targets by segment and channel."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_01 .
scra:D05_ips_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Reorder point, EOQ & replenishment parameters"@en ;
  skos:definition "When to order (ROP) and how much (EOQ), continuous vs. periodic review systems, and the impact of stale lead time parameters on simultaneous excess and shortage."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_01 .
scra:D05_ips_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory reduction programs & working capital liberation"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 levers of inventory reduction structured as a program with fill rate protection and explicit financial quantification for the CFO."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_01 .
scra:D05_ips_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Slow-moving & obsolete (SLOB) inventory management"@en ;
  skos:definition "SLOB classification by aging and root cause, the 4 disposition options in sequence, and the preventive S&OP monitoring that stops new SLOB from forming."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_01 .
scra:D05_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Multi-Echelon & Network Inventory"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05 .
scra:D05_mei_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Multi-echelon inventory optimization across the network"@en ;
  skos:definition "Simultaneous optimization across all network nodes. Covers the risk pooling effect, the 20–35% inventory reduction potential, and the centralization vs. lead time trade-off quantification."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_02 .
scra:D05_mei_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Distribution center inventory management & replenishment"@en ;
  skos:definition "Push vs. pull vs. hybrid replenishment models for DCs, cross-docking for high-velocity SKUs, and real-time DC inventory visibility that enables effective production coordination."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_02 .
scra:D05_mei_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory in transit management & pipeline visibility"@en ;
  skos:definition "Managing in-transit stock (20–30% of total inventory for overseas sourcing). Covers ASN/EDI 856, carrier tracking integration, and MRP inclusion of confirmed pipeline supply."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_02 .
scra:D05_mei_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Seasonal & promotional inventory planning"@en ;
  skos:definition "Pre-build strategy for seasonal peaks and promotional events: when to start, how much to build, and how to manage the post-season SLOB risk."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_02 .
scra:D05_mei_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Consignment inventory & vendor-managed inventory (VMI)"@en ;
  skos:definition "VMI program design: data integration requirements, min/max calibration, bilateral benefits, and integrating VMI sell-out data into the S&OP as a demand source."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_02 .
scra:D05_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand-Driven Replenishment"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05 .
scra:D05_ddr_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand-Driven MRP (DDMRP) methodology"@en ;
  skos:definition "The DDMRP framework: strategic buffer positioning, zone-based buffer sizing, dynamic adjustment, and how it simultaneously reduces inventory 20–40% while improving OTIF vs. classic MRP."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_03 .
scra:D05_ddr_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Pull systems: kanban design & implementation"@en ;
  skos:definition "Kanban mechanics: production vs. transport kanbans, the number of cards formula, e-kanban for high-volume flows, and when kanban is not appropriate for high-variability demand."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_03 .
scra:D05_ddr_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Dynamic replenishment & automated reorder systems"@en ;
  skos:definition "Rolling horizon parameter recalculation, exception-based adjustment, and fully automated PO generation for eligible categories with data quality prerequisites."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_03 .
scra:D05_ddr_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Omnichannel inventory & available-to-promise (ATP)"@en ;
  skos:definition "Real-time ATP across channels with explicit prioritization rules, CTP for make-to-order, and the order management integration that prevents overselling."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_03 .
scra:D05_ddr_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Retail & point-of-sale inventory management"@en ;
  skos:definition "In-stock rate as the true customer-facing metric, phantom inventory detection, and the VMI program at the retailer that eliminates the most frequent root cause of on-shelf stockouts."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_03 .
scra:D05_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "MRO & Critical Spares Inventory"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05 .
scra:D05_mrs_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Critical spare parts classification & stocking policy"@en ;
  skos:definition "The criticality × lead time × failure probability matrix for spare parts — replacing ABC classification with a downtime-cost-driven framework."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_04 .
scra:D05_mrs_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) & inventory alignment"@en ;
  skos:definition "Connecting the RCM maintenance program to the spare parts catalog: PM-driven replenishment and CMMS-inventory integration."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_04 .
scra:D05_mrs_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Spare parts obsolescence & lifecycle management"@en ;
  skos:definition "Equipment lifecycle → spare parts lifecycle: proactive OEM end-of-support monitoring, last-time-buy ROI analysis, and the equipment retirement process."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_04 .
scra:D05_mrs_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Condition-based inventory & predictive maintenance integration"@en ;
  skos:definition "How PdM sensor data converts static safety stock into dynamic condition-triggered purchasing — reducing spare parts inventory 30–60% without increasing downtime risk."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_04 .
scra:D05_mrs_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "MRO inventory KPIs & cost management"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3-dimension MRO KPI framework (availability, cost, quality), Total Cost of MRO including downtime cost, and the joint procurement-maintenance review."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_04 .
scra:D05_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory Analytics & Technology"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05 .
scra:D05_iat_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory KPI dashboard & reporting framework"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3-level reporting framework (operational, tactical, strategic) and the financial translation that connects DIO and OTIF to the CFO’s language."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_05 .
scra:D05_iat_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI & ML for inventory forecasting & optimization"@en ;
  skos:definition "ML applications in demand forecasting and parameter optimization — data quality prerequisites, realistic MAPE improvement benchmarks, and inventory capital reduction."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_05 .
scra:D05_iat_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "WMS & inventory accuracy in the warehouse"@en ;
  skos:definition "The enemies of inventory accuracy, cycle counting program design by ABC segment, and the root cause elimination process that makes improvement structural."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_05 .
scra:D05_iat_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory digitalization: IoT, RFID & smart shelves"@en ;
  skos:definition "RFID for warehouse and retail counting, IoT weight-based shelf sensing, and computer vision — with ROI analysis for each technology."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_05 .
scra:D05_iat_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory financing: working capital & supply chain finance"@en ;
  skos:definition "DIO, CCC, and ROCE as the financial metrics of inventory management — and how to present the inventory-capital trade-off in the language of the CFO."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_05 .
scra:D05_L2_06 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory Governance & Organization"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05 .
scra:D05_igo_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "S&OP integration: inventory in the monthly planning cycle"@en ;
  skos:definition "Embedding inventory decisions in the S&OP — quantifying the service-capital trade-off, integrating the seasonal pre-build, and connecting inventory to the IBP financial bridge."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_06 .
scra:D05_igo_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory accuracy program & cycle counting"@en ;
  skos:definition "Designing the cycle counting program (frequency by value segment, discrepancy investigation protocol) and the root cause elimination that converts corrections into structural improvements."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_06 .
scra:D05_igo_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory organization: roles, responsibilities & incentives"@en ;
  skos:definition "Defining inventory management roles, the DIO accountability structure, and the incentive alignment challenge that production and sales efficiency metrics create."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_06 .
scra:D05_igo_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory write-off management & financial reconciliation"@en ;
  skos:definition "The formal write-off process, write-off as a health indicator, and the prevention rate that measures if SLOB detection is happening early enough to recover value."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_06 .
scra:D05_igo_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory benchmarking & continuous improvement program"@en ;
  skos:definition "Industry DIO benchmarks by sector, the 3-year PDCA-based improvement program, and prioritizing initiatives by financial impact rather than implementation ease."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D05_L2_06 .
scra:D06 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Logistics & Transportation"@en , "Logística y Transporte"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D06_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Freight Management & Mode Selection"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06 .
scra:D06_fms_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Transportation mode selection: road, rail, air & ocean"@en ;
  skos:definition "TCO-based mode selection framework — including the in-transit inventory cost that makes air freight cheaper than ocean for high-value products with long transit times."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_01 .
scra:D06_fms_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Incoterms, freight contracts & rate management"@en ;
  skos:definition "The impact of Incoterms on cost control, the CIF-to-FOB transition that gives buyers leverage over freight, and contract management in a volatile freight market."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_01 .
scra:D06_fms_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Freight consolidation, LTL vs. FTL & load optimization"@en ;
  skos:definition "The LTL/FTL breakeven calculation, consolidation program design, milk-run networks for low-volume destinations, and 3D load optimization to maximize truck fill rate."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_01 .
scra:D06_fms_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "International freight: ocean, air & multimodal"@en ;
  skos:definition "Managing the full ecosystem of international freight: freight forwarders, ocean carriers, AWBs and BLs, container tracking, and freight invoice auditing."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_01 .
scra:D06_fms_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Freight cost allocation & logistics P&L management"@en ;
  skos:definition "Building the logistics P&L with correct cost allocation by channel and customer, and the Cost to Serve analysis that reveals which customers are destroying margin."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_01 .
scra:D06_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Carrier Management & TMS"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06 .
scra:D06_cmt_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Carrier selection, qualification & performance management"@en ;
  skos:definition "Carrier consolidation strategy, the OTIF + damage rate scorecard, QBR governance with strategic carriers, and connecting scorecard performance to volume allocation decisions."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_02 .
scra:D06_cmt_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "TMS implementation & transportation planning"@en ;
  skos:definition "The full TMS value stack: order management, load planning, carrier booking automation, freight audit, and the ERP-TMS integration that unlocks end-to-end visibility."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_02 .
scra:D06_cmt_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Route optimization & territory design"@en ;
  skos:definition "Fixed vs. dynamic routes, the VRP (Vehicle Routing Problem) and TMS optimization engines, territory design methodology, and circulation restriction management in Mexican cities."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_02 .
scra:D06_cmt_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Real-time shipment visibility & supply chain control tower"@en ;
  skos:definition "The architecture of a logistics control tower: data sources, alert thresholds, escalation protocols, and proactive exception resolution before the customer calls."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_02 .
scra:D06_cmt_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Fleet management: own fleet vs. 3PL decision"@en ;
  skos:definition "The full TCO of an owned truck (depreciation, fuel, driver, NOM-087, insurance), the own fleet vs. 3PL breakeven, and the hybrid model that optimizes control with flexibility."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_02 .
scra:D06_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cold Chain & Specialized Logistics"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06 .
scra:D06_ccs_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cold chain design, temperature monitoring & compliance"@en ;
  skos:definition "Continuous temperature logging as a COFEPRIS regulatory requirement, IoT data loggers with pre-limit alert thresholds, and the investigation protocol when an excursion occurs."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_03 .
scra:D06_ccs_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Hazmat logistics: ADR/DOT compliance & dangerous goods"@en ;
  skos:definition "UN classification system, mandatory documentation (NOM-002-SCT, 49 CFR), carrier qualification requirements, and annual hazmat training as a regulatory obligation."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_03 .
scra:D06_ccs_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Oversize, project cargo & specialized equipment logistics"@en ;
  skos:definition "Route survey methodology, permit timeline management (SCT, SHCP, municipalities), and the specialized carriers who have both the equipment and the regulatory relationships."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_03 .
scra:D06_ccs_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Packaging & unitization for transportation"@en ;
  skos:definition "ASTM D4169 testing protocol, TCO-based packaging design (protection vs. space vs. handling), pallet configuration optimization, and fill rate impact of packaging decisions."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_03 .
scra:D06_ccs_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "E-commerce fulfillment logistics & last mile"@en ;
  skos:definition "D2C vs. 3PL vs. marketplace fulfillment models, Ship from Store economics, locker network density, and last mile cost per order as the defining metric of e-commerce logistics viability."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_03 .
scra:D06_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Network Design & 3PL Management"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06 .
scra:D06_ndr_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Logistics network design: facility location & flow optimization"@en ;
  skos:definition "SCND (Supply Chain Network Design) models, the nodes vs. cost vs. service trade-off, risk pooling effect, and the transition plan that makes a network redesign executable."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_04 .
scra:D06_ndr_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "3PL selection, contract design & governance"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3PL RFP and site visit process, SLA design with measurable metrics and penalty mechanisms, exit clause requirements, and the active governance that prevents 3PL performance drift."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_04 .
scra:D06_ndr_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Logistics KPIs, benchmarking & performance dashboards"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3-level logistics KPI framework (operational/tactical/strategic), perfect order rate as the most complete service metric, and translating logistics KPIs into the CFO’s financial language."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_04 .
scra:D06_ndr_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cross-border logistics: customs, nearshoring & free trade zones"@en ;
  skos:definition "T-MEC utilization rate optimization, tariff classification audits, IMMEX regime for exportation-focused manufacturers, and integrating trade compliance into the procurement process."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_04 .
scra:D06_ndr_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Sustainable logistics: carbon footprint, green transport & circular supply chains"@en ;
  skos:definition "Scope 3 logistics emissions measurement, the decarbonization initiatives that simultaneously reduce cost (route optimization, consolidation), and the rail vs. road modal shift economics."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_04 .
scra:D06_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Logistics Technology & Innovation"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06 .
scra:D06_ltk_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Logistics technology stack: TMS, WMS & visibility platforms"@en ;
  skos:definition "The ERP-WMS-TMS-Visibility integration architecture, native ERP modules vs. best-of-breed, and the phased implementation approach that reduces risk."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_05 .
scra:D06_ltk_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Warehouse automation: robotics, AGVs & goods-to-person systems"@en ;
  skos:definition "Goods-to-Person, AGV, sorter, and ASRS technologies — with the business case framework (labor cost, volume, variability, payback period) that determines when automation is justified."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_05 .
scra:D06_ltk_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Autonomous delivery & drone logistics"@en ;
  skos:definition "The current state of ADVs and drone delivery (2026), the niches where drones are commercially viable today (medical samples, rural pharmacies), and the regulatory timeline in Mexico."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_05 .
scra:D06_ltk_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Digital twins & simulation in logistics network planning"@en ;
  skos:definition "Building the digital twin of the logistics network, using it for disruption simulation and S&OP scenario planning, and the data quality requirements that determine its value."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_05 .
scra:D06_ltk_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI & machine learning applications in logistics"@en ;
  skos:definition "Carrier OTIF prediction, dynamic route optimization, and disruption detection — with realistic assessment of data quality prerequisites and adoption challenges."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_05 .
scra:D06_L2_06 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Logistics Governance & Analytics"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06 .
scra:D06_lga_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Logistics cost control & budget management"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3-driver logistics budget model (volume + channel mix + market freight rates), quarterly reforecast cadence, and root cause analysis of budget variances."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_06 .
scra:D06_lga_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Logistics organization, talent & digital skills"@en ;
  skos:definition "The modern logistics team roles (Director, Transportation Manager, Logistics Analyst, Control Tower), the digital skills gap, and the competency development plan."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_06 .
scra:D06_lga_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Logistics risk management & supply chain resilience"@en ;
  skos:definition "BCP design with pre-identified alternatives, activation time targets, annual simulation exercises, and integrating supplier BCPs into the logistics risk management program."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_06 .
scra:D06_lga_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Customer service integration: order management & delivery promises"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 5 root causes of delivery promise failures, ATP accuracy as the foundation, proactive delay communication protocol, and order cycle time as the end-to-end logistics efficiency metric."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_06 .
scra:D06_lga_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Reverse logistics & returns management"@en ;
  skos:definition "Return rate benchmarks by channel, the 4-disposition framework (resell/repair/liquidate/scrap), recovery rate optimization, and connecting return root causes to quality and commercial teams."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D06_L2_06 .
scra:D07 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Warehousing, OMS & Fulfillment"@en , "Almacenamiento, OMS y Cumplimiento"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D07_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Warehouse Operations & WMS"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07 .
scra:D07_wop_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Warehouse layout design & slotting optimization"@en ;
  skos:definition "Proximity-based slotting of high-velocity SKUs, the 9-quadrant slotting rules, and the semi-annual re-slotting program that keeps the layout aligned with the evolving portfolio."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_01 .
scra:D07_wop_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "WMS implementation: receiving, put-away & inventory control"@en ;
  skos:definition "The full WMS value stack: ASN-based receiving, directed put-away, wave planning, cycle counting, and the ERP integration that makes the WMS a system of record."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_01 .
scra:D07_wop_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "FEFO, lot traceability & quality management in the warehouse"@en ;
  skos:definition "FEFO as a hard WMS rule, lot traceability from reception to dispatch, COFEPRIS compliance for pharmaceuticals, and recall simulation exercises."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_01 .
scra:D07_wop_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Labor management & workforce planning in the warehouse"@en ;
  skos:definition "Engineered labor standards, LMS for real-time productivity tracking, the staffing model based on projected volume, and the incentive program that rewards top performers."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_01 .
scra:D07_wop_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Value-added services (VAS) & postponement in the warehouse"@en ;
  skos:definition "Kitting, labeling, repackaging, and serialization — and the postponement strategy that reduces total inventory by keeping products generic until the last moment."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_01 .
scra:D07_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Order Management System (OMS/ATP/CTP)"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07 .
scra:D07_oms_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "OMS architecture: order capture, routing & orchestration"@en ;
  skos:definition "The OMS as the orchestration layer above the WMS and TMS — managing the full order lifecycle, real-time ATP, and the routing logic that decides which node serves each order."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_02 .
scra:D07_oms_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "ATP & CTP: real-time availability & promise management"@en ;
  skos:definition "Multi-node ATP that sees inventory in DCs, stores, in-transit, and in production — and the CTP extension for make-to-order environments."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_02 .
scra:D07_oms_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Order prioritization, allocation & backorder management"@en ;
  skos:definition "Priority rules for inventory allocation when demand exceeds supply, backorder management with accurate projected dates, and the root cause connection to inventory policy."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_02 .
scra:D07_oms_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "B2B order management: EDI, vendor portals & contract compliance"@en ;
  skos:definition "EDI 850/855/856 processing, ASN compliance, customer OTIF SLAs with penalty management, and proactive OTIF risk alerts before the failure occurs."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_02 .
scra:D07_oms_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Order management analytics: fill rate, OTIF & service metrics"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3-level order management analytics framework, perfect order rate as the composite service metric, and the financial translation that connects fill rate gaps to revenue at risk."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_02 .
scra:D07_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Pick-Pack-Ship & Fulfillment Execution"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07 .
scra:D07_pps_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Picking methods: single, batch, wave & zone picking"@en ;
  skos:definition "The picking method selection framework — how order profile determines whether single, batch, wave, or zone picking minimizes cost and maximizes LPPH."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_03 .
scra:D07_pps_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Packing station design & cartonization optimization"@en ;
  skos:definition "Cartonization algorithms that select the smallest viable box per order, DIM weight economics, and the packing station layout that minimizes cycle time."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_03 .
scra:D07_pps_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Shipping execution: carrier booking, labeling & documentation"@en ;
  skos:definition "Automated carrier booking, the CFDI de Traslado + Carta Porte requirement in Mexico (mandatory since 2022), and scan-verification that prevents packages from being left behind."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_03 .
scra:D07_pps_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Same-day & express fulfillment operations"@en ;
  skos:definition "Same-day cut-off time design, Ship from Store economics for urban density, and fulfillment cycle time as the metric that determines viability of the same-day promise."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_03 .
scra:D07_pps_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Fulfillment KPIs: perfect order, DPMO & order cycle time"@en ;
  skos:definition "The fulfillment KPI framework by process, perfect order rate as the end-to-end quality metric, and DPMO for pharmaceutical-grade operations."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_03 .
scra:D07_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cross-Docking & Flow-Through"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07 .
scra:D07_xdc_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cross-docking design: direct, indirect & opportunistic"@en ;
  skos:definition "The three cross-docking models and their viability conditions — with the SKU selection criteria that determine where cross-docking generates value vs. where storage is still necessary."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_04 .
scra:D07_xdc_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Yard management & dock scheduling"@en ;
  skos:definition "The YMS and appointment scheduling as the tools that eliminate yard congestion, reduce truck turnaround time, and maximize dock utilization."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_04 .
scra:D07_xdc_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Flow-through for retail replenishment"@en ;
  skos:definition "The flow-through model for convenience store and supermarket replenishment — reducing DIO at the distribution node to near-zero for high-velocity SKUs."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_04 .
scra:D07_xdc_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Merge-in-transit & consolidation hubs"@en ;
  skos:definition "The merge-in-transit model for multi-supplier order consolidation, synchronization requirements, and the protocol for managing the late arrival of a single component."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_04 .
scra:D07_xdc_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Vendor compliance programs: SSCC, ASN & store-ready merchandise"@en ;
  skos:definition "SSCC barcode standards, ASN timeliness and accuracy, store-ready merchandise requirements, and the chargeback program that creates the financial incentive for supplier compliance."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_04 .
scra:D07_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Warehouse Automation & AMR/Robotics"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07 .
scra:D07_wau_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AMR & mobile robotics: autonomous mobile robots in the warehouse"@en ;
  skos:definition "Goods-to-Operator, follow-me, and transportation AMRs — with the business case (LPPH improvement, headcount reduction, payback period) and the fleet utilization metric."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_05 .
scra:D07_wau_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Automated Storage & Retrieval Systems (ASRS)"@en ;
  skos:definition "Pallet ASRS, mini-load, and AutoStore — with the space utilization economics that justify the high capex when the m² cost is the binding constraint."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_05 .
scra:D07_wau_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Pick-to-light, put-to-light & voice-directed picking"@en ;
  skos:definition "Pick-to-light for fixed high-velocity zones, voice-directed picking as the highest ROI pick-assist technology for most operations, and the accuracy comparison by technology."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_05 .
scra:D07_wau_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Conveyor systems, sorters & warehouse control systems (WCS)"@en ;
  skos:definition "Crossbelt sorters for high-volume classification, the WCS that controls the automation infrastructure, and the sorter accuracy monitoring that detects barcode quality issues."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_05 .
scra:D07_wau_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Automation ROI, total cost of ownership & implementation roadmap"@en ;
  skos:definition "The full TCO of warehouse automation (capex + integration + maintenance + downtime), the 5-criteria decision framework, and the phased roadmap from voice-directed to ASRS."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_05 .
scra:D07_L2_06 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Warehouse KPIs, Metrics & Governance"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07 .
scra:D07_wkm_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Warehouse KPI framework: operational, financial & service metrics"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3-level warehouse KPI framework with the financial translation that connects LPPH and IA to cost per order and warehouse cost % of revenue."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_06 .
scra:D07_wkm_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Space utilization & capacity planning"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 70–85% utilization target, SLOB elimination as the fastest capacity release tool, and the S&OP integration that detects capacity gaps with 6+ months of lead time."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_06 .
scra:D07_wkm_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Warehouse cost management & continuous improvement"@en ;
  skos:definition "The warehouse cost structure (labor 60–70%), the kaizen methodology applied to warehouse processes, and cost per order as the composite financial KPI of warehouse efficiency."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_06 .
scra:D07_wkm_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Warehouse S&OP integration & capacity governance"@en ;
  skos:definition "The warehouse as an active participant in the S&OP supply review — presenting capacity gaps and investment proposals with sufficient lead time."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_06 .
scra:D07_wkm_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Warehouse safety, compliance & ESG in logistics operations"@en ;
  skos:definition "TRIR as the most important KPI, NOM-006 and NOM-009 compliance, the behavior-based safety program, and the electric forklift transition as the highest-impact ESG initiative."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D07_L2_06 .
scra:D08 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Reverse Logistics & Returns"@en , "Logística Inversa y Devoluciones"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D08_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Returns Management & RMA Process"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08 .
scra:D08_rma_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Returns policy design & customer experience"@en ;
  skos:definition "The conversion-vs-returns cost trade-off, the 4 return policy models, and how fit guides, self-service portals, and “refund without return” thresholds generate better outcomes than restrictive policies."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_01 .
scra:D08_rma_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "RMA process design: authorization, receiving & triage"@en ;
  skos:definition "Pre-assigned RMA numbers, the 5-step triage process with documented criteria, automated refund issuance, and real-time status visibility that eliminates 80% of CS calls."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_01 .
scra:D08_rma_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Reverse logistics carrier management & return shipping"@en ;
  skos:definition "PUDO networks vs. home pickup economics, BORIS as the zero-cost return channel, and negotiating return freight rates as part of the global carrier contract."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_01 .
scra:D08_rma_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Product recall management & regulatory compliance"@en ;
  skos:definition "Class I/II/III recall classification, the 24-72 hour protocol, lot traceability as the prerequisite of a surgical recall, and the bi-annual simulation that validates the protocol."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_01 .
scra:D08_rma_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Returns data analytics & root cause reduction"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4-category root cause framework, SKU-level return rate analysis, serial returner identification, and the financial translation of each root cause reduction action."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_01 .
scra:D08_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Refurbishment, Remanufacturing & Repair"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08 .
scra:D08_rfb_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Grading & condition assessment for returned products"@en ;
  skos:definition "The A–F grading system, visual reference criteria for consistency, monthly calibration protocol, and the connection between grading accuracy and overall recovery rate."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_02 .
scra:D08_rfb_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Refurbishment operations: cleaning, testing & cosmetic repair"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 7-step refurbishment process, the break-even analysis by product category, and certified refurbished pricing economics."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_02 .
scra:D08_rfb_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Remanufacturing: restore to OEM specifications"@en ;
  skos:definition "The remanufacturing vs. refurbishment distinction, 85% material reutilization and 80% energy savings vs. new production, and why remanufactured product margins often exceed new product margins."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_02 .
scra:D08_rfb_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Repair services & warranty management"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 repair service models, warranty cost as % of revenue as the quality feedback KPI, first-time fix rate, and the feedback loop from warranty failure data to R&D design improvements."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_02 .
scra:D08_rfb_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Spare parts management for after-sales service"@en ;
  skos:definition "The Croston method for intermittent demand forecasting, the criticality × lead time classification matrix, last-time-buy analysis, and consignment for critical long-lead-time parts."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_02 .
scra:D08_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Recycling, EOL Disposal & Circular Economy"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08 .
scra:D08_rec_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "End-of-life product management & circular economy strategy"@en ;
  skos:definition "The circular economy hierarchy (reuse → repair → remanufacture → recycle → energy recovery → landfill), take-back program models, and the Product-as-a-Service model that guarantees 100% EOL recovery."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_03 .
scra:D08_rec_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Hazardous waste management & environmental compliance"@en ;
  skos:definition "LGPGIR obligations, NOM-052-SEMARNAT classification, the hazardous waste manifest as the central compliance document, and the COA-SEMARNAT registration."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_03 .
scra:D08_rec_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "E-waste & WEEE recycling programs"@en ;
  skos:definition "RAEE regulation and the Responsabilidad Extendida del Productor in Mexico, the materials recovery economics of e-waste, and R2/e-Stewards certification for recyclers."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_03 .
scra:D08_rec_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Packaging sustainability & reverse packaging logistics"@en ;
  skos:definition "Returnable pallet pooling economics (CHEP), packaging recyclability as a retailer requirement, PCR content, and the EPS elimination roadmap."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_03 .
scra:D08_rec_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Carbon footprint of reverse logistics & Scope 3 reporting"@en ;
  skos:definition "Calculating the Scope 3 emissions of return freight, returns center operations, and disposal — with the GHG Protocol methodology and the PUDO migration as the highest-impact reduction initiative."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_03 .
scra:D08_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Reverse Network Design & 3PL"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08 .
scra:D08_rnd_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Reverse logistics network design & facility location"@en ;
  skos:definition "Centralized vs. decentralized vs. hybrid returns center models, the total cost trade-off (return freight vs. infrastructure cost), and the 3-year review cadence."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_04 .
scra:D08_rnd_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "3PL selection for reverse logistics operations"@en ;
  skos:definition "Recovery rate as the primary selection criterion (not cost per unit), the 5 key capabilities of a specialized RLP, and the contract design with SLAs and grading criteria."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_04 .
scra:D08_rnd_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Returns center operations: layout, staffing & technology"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 5 functional zones of the returns center, the higher skill requirements of returns center staff, and the real-time OMS integration that gives CS visibility of every return status."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_04 .
scra:D08_rnd_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cross-border reverse logistics & international returns"@en ;
  skos:definition "The customs requirements for international returns in Mexico (temporary export, T-MEC), and the “refund without return” threshold analysis for low-value products."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_04 .
scra:D08_rnd_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Benchmarking reverse logistics performance"@en ;
  skos:definition "Industry benchmarks for return rate, recovery rate, processing time, and returns cost as % of revenue — with the gap analysis that drives the improvement roadmap."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_04 .
scra:D08_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Resale Channels & Value Recovery"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08 .
scra:D08_rsl_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Certified refurbished channel: direct & marketplace"@en ;
  skos:definition "Why the guarantee is the key to the certified refurbished price premium, Back Market and Amazon Renewed as the highest-recovery channels for electronics, and the D2C vs. marketplace economics."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_05 .
scra:D08_rsl_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "B2B liquidation & secondary market channels"@en ;
  skos:definition "B2B auction platforms (B-Stock, Liquidity Services), the liquidation corridor of 25–45% recovery, and the flash sale model that generates higher recovery while building brand visibility."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_05 .
scra:D08_rsl_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Trade-in programs & device buyback"@en ;
  skos:definition "The dual benefit for manufacturer and customer, instant buy vs. mail-in models, the conversion rate as the primary KPI, and the circular economy argument for trade-in programs."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_05 .
scra:D08_rsl_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Donation & CSR programs for returned inventory"@en ;
  skos:definition "The ISR deduction framework for donations in Mexico (Art. 82 LISR), the fiscal economics that often make donation more valuable than liquidation, and the BAMX partnership model."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_05 .
scra:D08_rsl_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Value recovery analytics & disposition optimization"@en ;
  skos:definition "The ML-powered disposition optimization engine, the timing-vs-recovery trade-off for technology products, and the $100K-per-percentage-point value of recovery rate improvement."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_05 .
scra:D08_L2_06 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Reverse Logistics Governance & Analytics"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08 .
scra:D08_rcg_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Reverse logistics KPI framework & performance dashboards"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3-dimension KPI framework (volume/quality, process efficiency, value recovery) and the financial translation that converts return rate and recovery rate into revenue-at-risk and margin impact."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_06 .
scra:D08_rcg_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Reverse logistics cost management & financial reconciliation"@en ;
  skos:definition "The full returns P&L structure (disposition revenue minus return freight, processing, write-offs, and customer compensation) and why write-offs are typically the largest cost component."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_06 .
scra:D08_rcg_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "S&OP integration of reverse logistics flows"@en ;
  skos:definition "Grade A return inventory as a supply source in the S&OP, the 4–6 week lag between sales peak and returns peak for capacity planning, and the financial plan integration."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_06 .
scra:D08_rcg_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Regulatory compliance in reverse logistics"@en ;
  skos:definition "LGPGIR, NOM-161-SEMARNAT (RAEE/REP), COFEPRIS recall protocols, and hazardous waste manifests — with the compliance audit frequency and the proactive regulator relationship."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_06 .
scra:D08_rcg_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "ESG reporting & circular economy metrics"@en ;
  skos:definition "Circular Economy Rate %, EOL Recovery Rate %, Refurbished Product % of Revenue, and Carbon Intensity of Returns — aligned with GRI 301 and GRI 306 reporting standards."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D08_L2_06 .
scra:D09 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Customer Experience & Last Mile"@en , "Experiencia del Cliente y Última Milla"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D09_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Customer Service & Order Management"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09 .
scra:D09_csx_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Customer service strategy: omnichannel CS & SLA design"@en ;
  skos:definition "The tiered CS model, channel SLAs, the NPS and cost impact of WhatsApp as the primary CS channel in Mexico, and how agent empowerment drives FCR."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_01 .
scra:D09_csx_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Order visibility: proactive notifications & customer tracking portals"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 5 proactive notification moments, the tracking portal as the highest-ROI CS investment (100–200x), and the WISMO rate as the leading indicator of the tracking capability gap."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_01 .
scra:D09_csx_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "CS technology: CRM, chatbots & AI in customer service"@en ;
  skos:definition "The CS technology stack, chatbot containment rate, and AI-powered agent assist for faster, higher-CSAT resolutions."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_01 .
scra:D09_csx_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Complaints management & escalation protocols"@en ;
  skos:definition "SLA by complaint category, the service recovery paradox, and the complaint root cause analysis that connects CS data to operational improvement."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_01 .
scra:D09_csx_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "B2B customer service: key accounts & supply chain collaboration"@en ;
  skos:definition "The CSM role in B2B supply chain CS, QBRs as the strategic relationship mechanism, and forecast collaboration as the highest-ROI CS investment in B2B."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_01 .
scra:D09_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Last Mile Delivery Operations"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09 .
scra:D09_lmd_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Last mile delivery models: home delivery, PUDO & locker networks"@en ;
  skos:definition "The economics of each last mile model, the PUDO incentive design, BORIS as the zero-cost return channel with in-store upsell."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_02 .
scra:D09_lmd_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Route optimization & dispatch for last mile fleets"@en ;
  skos:definition "VRP-based route optimization, zone-based scheduling to maximize delivery density, and the 30-minute pre-delivery notification that cuts failed deliveries in half."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_02 .
scra:D09_lmd_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Failed deliveries: management, re-delivery & exception handling"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 5 root causes of failed deliveries, the proactive notification-and-options protocol, and the financial cost of a failed delivery."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_02 .
scra:D09_lmd_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Crowdsourced delivery & gig economy logistics"@en ;
  skos:definition "Own fleet vs. Rappi/99minutos economics, the NPS differential between own fleet and crowdsourced delivery, and the hybrid model."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_02 .
scra:D09_lmd_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Last mile analytics: cost-per-delivery, zone profitability & carrier performance"@en ;
  skos:definition "Zone-level cost analysis, differential delivery pricing, and the carrier performance scorecard that includes NPS alongside OTIF."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_02 .
scra:D09_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Delivery Experience & NPS"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09 .
scra:D09_dlx_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Delivery NPS: measuring & improving the unboxing & delivery experience"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 5 NPS drivers (on-time delivery 35–40%, product condition 25–30%, tracking 15–20%, courier professionalism 10–15%, unboxing 5–10%) and the close-the-loop protocol for detractors."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_03 .
scra:D09_dlx_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Packaging experience & unboxing design"@en ;
  skos:definition "Branded packaging ROI (8–12 NPS points), right-sizing economics, and the shareable unboxing as free organic marketing."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_03 .
scra:D09_dlx_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Proactive exception management & delivery recovery"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3-step exception protocol, the 40-point NPS difference between proactively notified and non-notified customers during a delivery failure."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_03 .
scra:D09_dlx_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Same-day delivery experience & speed-to-delight"@en ;
  skos:definition "SDD on-time rate, Ship from Store economics, and the conversion lift from SDD availability."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_03 .
scra:D09_dlx_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Post-delivery engagement: reviews, loyalty & re-purchase triggers"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 post-delivery touchpoints, personalized replenishment prediction, and the 12x ROI of a well-designed post-delivery engagement program."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_03 .
scra:D09_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Omnichannel Fulfillment Experience"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09 .
scra:D09_omn_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Omnichannel order management: unified inventory & order routing"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 5 omnichannel fulfillment flows and unified inventory as the prerequisite that makes all of them possible."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_04 .
scra:D09_omn_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "BOPIS & click-and-collect: the in-store pickup experience"@en ;
  skos:definition "BOPIS ready time as the primary metric (target: <2 hours), the dedicated pickup area, and the 28–35% in-store uplift from BOPIS visits."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_04 .
scra:D09_omn_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Ship from Store operations & inventory accuracy for omnichannel"@en ;
  skos:definition "Store inventory accuracy as the SFS prerequisite (target >95%), the phantom inventory problem, and the SFS fill rate and OTIF as quality KPIs."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_04 .
scra:D09_omn_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Dropship & marketplace fulfillment models"@en ;
  skos:definition "Real-time supplier inventory integration as the solution to 15–25% overselling, contractual OTIF SLAs with penalties, and blind dropship for brand consistency."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_04 .
scra:D09_omn_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Omnichannel customer journey mapping & friction points"@en ;
  skos:definition "NPS by journey stage, the 4 most common friction points in omnichannel journeys, and the semi-annual journey review cadence."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_04 .
scra:D09_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Voice of Customer & CSAT Analytics"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09 .
scra:D09_voi_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "VoC program design: NPS, CSAT & CES measurement"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3 VoC metrics and when to use each, WhatsApp as the highest-response-rate channel in Mexico, and the segmentation by customer cohort."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_05 .
scra:D09_voi_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Text analytics & sentiment analysis for CS interactions"@en ;
  skos:definition "NLP-powered theme categorization of NPS comments, real-time sentiment escalation for at-risk customers, and the 100–1000x productivity improvement of text analytics."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_05 .
scra:D09_voi_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "CX root cause analysis & operational improvement loop"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4-stage close-the-loop process, the impact × cost prioritization matrix, and attribution of NPS improvement to specific operational changes."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_05 .
scra:D09_voi_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Customer churn prediction & retention analytics"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 5 behavioral and VoC signals that predict churn, the ML churn score model, and the 12x ROI of a retention program with personal contact for high-value customers."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_05 .
scra:D09_voi_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Competitive benchmarking of CX: NPS, delivery & service metrics"@en ;
  skos:definition "Industry NPS benchmarks, mystery shopping methodology, and the competitive gap analysis that drives the investment justification for the C-suite."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_05 .
scra:D09_L2_06 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "CX Governance & Supply Chain Alignment"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09 .
scra:D09_cxg_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "CX governance: ownership, cadence & accountability"@en ;
  skos:definition "The Director of CX with cross-functional authority, CX Champions in each operational team, the Customer Experience Committee, and the 30-minute VoC Weekly Standup."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_06 .
scra:D09_cxg_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "CX-to-operations feedback loop: NPS → logistics improvement"@en ;
  skos:definition "The weekly NPS Driver Report for the Logistics Director, automated NPS degradation alerts, and the time-to-action metric that measures whether insights become actions quickly enough."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_06 .
scra:D09_cxg_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "CX cost-to-serve & the ROI of customer experience investments"@en ;
  skos:definition "The LTV-inclusive CX ROI framework, the NPS-to-revenue attribution model, and the 16x ROI of the CX program in the CFO’s language."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_06 .
scra:D09_cxg_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "CX in the S&OP: integrating customer experience into supply chain planning"@en ;
  skos:definition "Fill rate and OTIF as leading indicators of NPS, the NPS-at-risk model for each S&OP scenario, and the cost-vs-CX trade-off that makes the $1.2M inventory investment a 7x ROI decision."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_06 .
scra:D09_cxg_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "CX KPI framework: from OTIF to NPS — the supply chain CX scorecard"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4-level supply chain CX scorecard (promise → execution → perception → financial impact), the OTIF-NPS correlation as the predictive model, and the real-time scorecard."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D09_L2_06 .
scra:D10 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand Management & Market Sensing"@en , "Gestión de Demanda y Sensado de Mercado"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D10_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Market Signal Capture & Sensing"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10 .
scra:D10_msc_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand sensing: real-time signal capture from POS, IoT & digital channels"@en ;
  skos:definition "POS daily as the highest-value demand sensing signal, weather and event correlations, and the 20–40% MAPE improvement of demand sensing vs. statistical forecasting alone."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_01 .
scra:D10_msc_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "External data integration: weather, events, macroeconomics & social signals"@en ;
  skos:definition "The R²>0.4 validation threshold for external variables, the seasonal demand model for temperature-sensitive categories, and the data freshness requirement for external signals."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_01 .
scra:D10_msc_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Retailer collaboration: POS sharing, VMI & CPFR programs"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 collaboration models (transactional → POS sharing → VMI → CPFR), the VMI service level target of >98%, and the 55% MAPE improvement from retailer POS data."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_01 .
scra:D10_msc_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Consumer behavior analytics & social listening for demand signals"@en ;
  skos:definition "The TikTok effect quantified, the Google Trends leading indicator (7–14 day lead time), and the emergency S&OP protocol triggered by high-impact social signals."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_01 .
scra:D10_msc_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Competitive intelligence & market share dynamics in demand planning"@en ;
  skos:definition "Price elasticity cross-effects, the stockout transfer demand model, and the Nielsen/KANTAR panel as the most precise source of market share dynamics."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_01 .
scra:D10_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI-Driven Forecasting & Demand Intelligence"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10 .
scra:D10_aif_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Statistical forecasting foundations: ETS, ARIMA & ensemble models"@en ;
  skos:definition "ETS for trend+seasonality, Croston for intermittent demand, ensemble as the best-practice standard, and automatic model selection by SKU profile."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_02 .
scra:D10_aif_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Machine learning forecasting: XGBoost, neural networks & gradient boosting"@en ;
  skos:definition "10–25% ML lift over statistical models when external variables are numerous, SHAP values for explainability, and overfitting as the #1 ML forecasting risk."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_02 .
scra:D10_aif_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Forecast accuracy measurement: MAPE, WMAPE, bias & error decomposition"@en ;
  skos:definition "WMAPE as the financially-correct accuracy metric, forecast bias as the highest-impact financial KPI (systematic over/underestimation), and the 3-component error decomposition."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_02 .
scra:D10_aif_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand segmentation: ABC/XYZ, lifecycle & channel mix"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 9 ABC/XYZ segments with differentiated forecasting strategies, the lifecycle dimension (launch/growth/maturity/decline), and the 80–20 focus rule for demand planning effort."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_02 .
scra:D10_aif_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Generative AI & LLMs in demand intelligence: emerging applications"@en ;
  skos:definition "LLM for market signal synthesis and S&OP narrative generation, the 62% reduction in S&OP preparation time, and the hallucination risk that requires human validation."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_02 .
scra:D10_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand Shaping & Commercial Alignment"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10 .
scra:D10_dsh_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand shaping levers: promotions, pricing & product availability"@en ;
  skos:definition "Promotion uplift modeling (TPR 20% → demand +40–150%), the pantry loading effect, and the 6-week advance capture requirement for the commercial events calendar."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_03 .
scra:D10_dsh_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "S&OP commercial alignment: sales & marketing plan integration"@en ;
  skos:definition "The single number consensus process, the override accuracy KPI that measures whether sales adjustments improve or degrade MAPE, and the “two numbers problem” that destroys supply chain efficiency."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_03 .
scra:D10_dsh_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Price elasticity modeling & revenue management"@en ;
  skos:definition "Own and cross-price elasticity by channel, dynamic pricing governance, and the revenue-per-unit metric that integrates the price-volume trade-off."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_03 .
scra:D10_dsh_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "New product introduction (NPI) demand planning & launch forecasting"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 NPI forecasting methods (analogy, Delphi, market test, Bass model), the 3-scenario framework, and the weekly review cadence in the first 12 weeks."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_03 .
scra:D10_dsh_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand risk management: supply constraints, allocations & backorder governance"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 allocation models (pro-rata, strategic priority, historical fill rate, margin-based), the pre-defined allocation policy requirement, and the backorder resolution time KPI."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_03 .
scra:D10_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "NPI Demand Planning & Launch Forecasting"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10 .
scra:D10_npi_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Stage-gate demand planning for new product launches"@en ;
  skos:definition "The forecast accuracy target by gate (±50% at G1 → ±15% at G4), the test market as the highest-ROI NPI investment, and the transition to the statistical model at 6–12 months of history."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_04 .
scra:D10_npi_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cannibalization & portfolio rationalization in demand planning"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3 cannibalization types, the NPI net portfolio uplift as the correct ROI metric, and the annual 3–8% portfolio rationalization rate that keeps the SKU portfolio healthy."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_04 .
scra:D10_npi_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Channel fill & initial stocking for new product launches"@en ;
  skos:definition "Channel fill vs. consumer demand decomposition, the post-launch demand vs. channel fill ratio as the early health indicator, and the 8-week advance coordination with production."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_04 .
scra:D10_npi_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Discontinuation planning & end-of-life inventory management"@en ;
  skos:definition "The EOL write-off % as the cost of poor discontinuation planning, the 12–16 week notification lead time, and the last-time-buy as the most precise signal of residual demand."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_04 .
scra:D10_npi_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Market test design & demand signal validation for NPI"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3 market test types, the sell-through rate and repurchase rate as the most predictive NPI success signals, and the 10–40x ROI of market test investment vs. launch forecast error cost."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_04 .
scra:D10_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand Operations & Process Governance"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10 .
scra:D10_dop_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand planning team design & skill requirements"@en ;
  skos:definition "The demand planner of the future (statistical + ML + commercial + facilitation), the 200–400 SKUs/planner productivity benchmark with advanced tools, and the CPF certification."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_05 .
scra:D10_dop_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand planning cadence: weekly, monthly & S&OP integration"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3-level cadence (weekly demand sensing → monthly S&OP cycle → quarterly IBP), the 4-week S&OP sequence, and the S&OP decision rate % as the process health KPI."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_05 .
scra:D10_dop_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand planning system architecture & data quality"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 data problems that degrade MAPE (outliers, stale hierarchy, returns distortion, stale events calendar), the data quality audit, and the 95% clean data requirement."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_05 .
scra:D10_dop_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Forecast override management & human judgment integration"@en ;
  skos:definition "Override accuracy by type (commercial events: 78% improve MAPE; intuitive: 28% improve), the challenge process, and the governance framework that eliminates undocumented overrides."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_05 .
scra:D10_dop_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand planning KPI framework & continuous improvement"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4-dimension KPI framework (accuracy, process, business impact, improvement), the PDCA continuous improvement cycle, and the financial translation of MAPE into safety stock cost."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_05 .
scra:D10_L2_06 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand-CX Link & Customer Demand Analytics"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10 .
scra:D10_dcx_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Customer demand patterns: segmentation & behavior analytics"@en ;
  skos:definition "CV-based demand pattern segmentation (regular/seasonal/intermittent), the Croston migration for CV>0.7 segments, and the monthly monitoring of pattern stability changes."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_06 .
scra:D10_dcx_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand forecasting for customer OTIF & service level commitments"@en ;
  skos:definition "The safety stock formula as the financial bridge between MAPE and OTIF, the 8–10% inventory reduction per 5-point MAPE improvement, and the forecast-driven inventory reduction potential."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_06 .
scra:D10_dcx_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand-driven replenishment: pull vs. push in the supply chain"@en ;
  skos:definition "DDMRP buffer zones (red/yellow/green), the 38% DIO reduction and 86% stockout reduction from DDMRP implementation, and the complementary role of DDMRP and statistical forecasting."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_06 .
scra:D10_dcx_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand sensing from e-commerce data & digital channels"@en ;
  skos:definition "Add-to-cart as the lowest-latency demand signal (1–2 day lead), the R²=0.74 correlation for digital signals in high-digital-presence categories, and the Mercado Libre API for Mexico."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_06 .
scra:D10_dcx_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand planning for omnichannel: unified demand view across channels"@en ;
  skos:definition "The unified demand hierarchy (SKU × Channel × Region × Period), differentiated forecasting models by channel, and the channel mix forecast as the critical signal for omnichannel supply planning."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D10_L2_06 .
scra:D11 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Trade, Commerce & Global Ops"@en , "Comercio, Comercio Exterior y Operaciones Globales"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D11_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "International Trade Compliance & Customs"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11 .
scra:D11_itc_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Import compliance: customs classification, valuation & origin"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3 pillars of customs clearance, the LIGIE with 15,000+ tariff codes, and the ROI of periodic classification audits — illustrated by a $960K USD recovery from a 2-year rectification."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_01 .
scra:D11_itc_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "IMMEX & Maquiladora regime: Mexico manufacturing for export"@en ;
  skos:definition "The IMMEX mechanics (temporary import → manufacture → export), the Anexo 24 inventory control system, and the $10.6M annual fiscal benefit of a well-managed IMMEX program."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_01 .
scra:D11_itc_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Customs brokerage management & pedimento optimization"@en ;
  skos:definition "The OEA certification as the highest-ROI investment in the despacho process (−63% clearance time), pre-validation 48h before arrival, and the pedimento as the legal document that closes each import/export operation."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_01 .
scra:D11_itc_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Free Trade Agreements: TMEC, USMCA & preferential tariff management"@en ;
  skos:definition "The rules of origin for the TMEC, the certificate of origin that enables the 0% tariff, and the FTA utilization rate as the KPI that quantifies how much tariff saving the company is leaving on the table."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_01 .
scra:D11_itc_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Trade compliance audit, C-TPAT & OEA certification"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3-pillar compliance audit (classification, valuation, NTR), the mutual recognition between C-TPAT and OEA, and the 1.4× first-year ROI of the OEA certification."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_01 .
scra:D11_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Export Controls & Dual-Use Regulations"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11 .
scra:D11_exp_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "ITAR & EAR: US export control fundamentals for global supply chains"@en ;
  skos:definition "ITAR (USML) vs. EAR (CCL) distinctions, the 25% de minimis rule that affects non-US manufacturers using US components, and the $1M USD per violation penalty that makes voluntary disclosure the rational response."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_02 .
scra:D11_exp_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Sanctioned party screening & denied party lists management"@en ;
  skos:definition "The OFAC SDN List, BIS Entity List, and EU Restrictive Measures — the monthly automated screening requirement, false positive management, and the 3 real hits detected in 6 months of operation."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_02 .
scra:D11_exp_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Technology transfer controls & deemed exports"@en ;
  skos:definition "The deemed export concept (sharing controlled technical data with foreign nationals in the US = export to their home country), DRM for controlled technical data, and the $76M USD risk exposure of 76 unauthorized ITAR accesses."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_02 .
scra:D11_exp_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain due diligence: end-user verification & red flags"@en ;
  skos:definition "The BIS red flag indicators, the End-User Certificate (EUC) as the due diligence document, and the shell company detection that prevented a $2.4M USD transaction with a diversion scheme."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_02 .
scra:D11_exp_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Export control program design: ECPs, training & penalty mitigation"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 9 elements of a mature ECP, voluntary disclosure as the rational response to discovered violations (25–50% vs. 100% penalties), and the Export Control Officer authority requirement."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_02 .
scra:D11_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Global Trade Management & Documentation"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11 .
scra:D11_gtm_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "International commercial documents: invoice, packing list & bill of lading"@en ;
  skos:definition "The consistency requirement across all trade documents (1 kg discrepancy = customs examination), Incoterms 2020 optimization (DDP markup of 18–22% hidden in the price), and the 11% cost reduction from Incoterm review."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_03 .
scra:D11_gtm_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Letter of credit & trade finance instruments"@en ;
  skos:definition "LC vs. documentary collection vs. open account risk-cost tradeoff, the LC discrepancy rate as the key compliance metric, and Supply Chain Finance (SCF) as the tool that lets vendors get paid in 15 days while buyers pay in 90."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_03 .
scra:D11_gtm_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Incoterms optimization & cost-to-land calculation"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 10 components of the landed cost, Mexico vs. Asia cost-to-land comparison (Mexico wins when Section 301 tariffs are included), and the capital-in-transit cost that most teams forget to include."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_03 .
scra:D11_gtm_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Global Trade Management (GTM) systems: SAP GTS, Oracle GTM & platforms"@en ;
  skos:definition "SAP GTS as the end-to-end GTM for SAP ERP users, the 70% automation rate target, and the 1.6× first-year ROI of a well-implemented GTM system."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_03 .
scra:D11_gtm_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Trade data analytics: import/export KPI dashboards & compliance reporting"@en ;
  skos:definition "The FTA utilization gap ($480K USD left on the table), document accuracy rate as the leading indicator of clearance delays, and the SAT valuation benchmark comparison for audit risk management."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_03 .
scra:D11_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cross-Border Logistics & Customs Brokerage"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11 .
scra:D11_xbo_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Mexico-US border operations: FAST lanes, pre-clearance & C-TPAT"@en ;
  skos:definition "The FAST + OEA + pre-clearance combination that cuts crossing time from 3.8 to 0.9 hours, the secondary inspection rate as the compliance health metric, and the JIT production impact of border delays."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_04 .
scra:D11_xbo_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Nearshoring logistics: supply chain configuration for Mexico-based manufacturing"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 industrial clusters of Mexico nearshoring, the IMMEX + FAST + TMEC configuration for the optimal Mexico-US supply chain, and the 2.8-day lead time from Monterrey to Ohio."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_04 .
scra:D11_xbo_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Multimodal cross-border transport: sea, air, rail & road optimization"@en ;
  skos:definition "The capital-in-transit cost that makes air freight economical for high-value products, the underutilized rail intermodal option (CDMX-Chicago in 8–12 days at 40–60% of truck cost), and the modal shift that saved $1.8M USD/year."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_04 .
scra:D11_xbo_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cross-border e-commerce logistics: de minimis, Section 321 & last mile"@en ;
  skos:definition "Section 321 as the economic foundation of Mexico-to-US e-commerce (0% tariff, simplified Entry Type 86 for <$800 USD), the 71% logistics cost reduction from mass consolidation, and the legislative risk monitoring requirement."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_04 .
scra:D11_xbo_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cold chain cross-border: temperature-controlled international logistics"@en ;
  skos:definition "The border wait time as the #1 cold chain risk (11.2°C vs. 7°C target at crossing), USDA pre-clearance in origin to eliminate border inspection, and the 3.8× ROI of cold chain optimization for fresh produce exporters."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_04 .
scra:D11_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Free Trade Zones, Bonded Warehouses & Nearshoring"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11 .
scra:D11_ftz_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Free Trade Zones: strategic location, benefits & operations"@en ;
  skos:definition "Jebel Ali as the LATAM distribution hub case study, the postponement strategy that reduces by-country inventory 42%, and the FTZ inventory turnover as the ROI health metric."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_05 .
scra:D11_ftz_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Bonded warehouses & in-bond transport in Mexico"@en ;
  skos:definition "The depósito fiscal ROI calculation (aranceles diferidos × WACC × días), the Recinto Fiscalizado Estratégico as the highest-benefit Mexican regime, and the 2–4 year maximum permanence period."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_05 .
scra:D11_ftz_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "PROSEC & sector-specific tariff reduction programs in Mexico"@en ;
  skos:definition "The PROSEC sectors (automotriz 0–5%, electrónica 0%, maquinaria 0–5%), the PROSEC vs. IMMEX decision framework, and the 224× first-year ROI of a $315K USD annual saving on a $42K MXN registration investment."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_05 .
scra:D11_ftz_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain risk diversification: China+1 & multi-sourcing strategies"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 70/30 split as the optimal multi-sourcing balance, Mexico as the TMEC-advantaged +1 for the US market, and the supply concentration index as the geopolitical risk KPI."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_05 .
scra:D11_ftz_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Industrial parks & special economic zones for manufacturing in Mexico"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 Mexican industrial clusters (Monterrey, Bajío, Baja California, Juárez), the workforce scarcity constraint of the 2024–2026 nearshoring boom, and the multi-criteria location scoring framework."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_05 .
scra:D11_L2_06 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Tariffs, Trade Policy & Geopolitical Risk"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11 .
scra:D11_trf_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Section 301 tariffs, trade wars & supply chain restructuring"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 25% Section 301 tariffs on Chinese imports, the 13.5-month payback on the $40.7M mitigation investment, and why transshipment is fraud (not a strategy)."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_06 .
scra:D11_trf_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Antidumping & countervailing duties: detection, compliance & response"@en ;
  skos:definition "AD+CVD rates of up to 269% on Chinese steel, the voluntary disclosure as the rational response to discovered omissions (55% → 20% penalty reduction), and the mandatory pre-pedimento AD/CVD check."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_06 .
scra:D11_trf_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Geopolitical risk in supply chains: Taiwan, Russia-Ukraine & emerging tensions"@en ;
  skos:definition "The Taiwan Strait semiconductor concentration risk (TSMC = 90% of advanced chips), the Red Sea crisis that added 12–14 days to transit, and the $12M investment that mitigated $180M of revenue at risk."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_06 .
scra:D11_trf_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Trade policy monitoring: USMCA reviews, tariff changes & regulatory updates"@en ;
  skos:definition "The USMCA 2026 review and its automotriz implications (75%→80% regional content), the already-in-non-compliance steel/aluminum threshold, and the 30-day advance detection target."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_06 .
scra:D11_trf_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain resilience: tariff-proofing, redundancy & agility design"@en ;
  skos:definition "The <90-day agility score as the resilience target, the pre-qualified alternative supplier as the highest-ROI tariff-proofing investment, and the modular product design principle for maximum origin flexibility."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D11_L2_06 .
scra:D12 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI, Data & Advanced Analytics"@en , "IA, Datos y Análitica Avanzada"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D12_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply Chain Data Architecture & Infrastructure"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12 .
scra:D12_sca_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Data lakes, data warehouses & lakehouse architecture for supply chain"@en ;
  skos:definition "Lakehouse as the dominant 2025 paradigm (Delta Lake/Databricks), data freshness SLAs by use case, and the unified pipeline that reduced forecast MAPE from 22% to 16% by enabling real-time POS data."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_01 .
scra:D12_sca_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Real-time data streaming: Kafka, event-driven supply chains & IoT integration"@en ;
  skos:definition "Apache Kafka as the event streaming standard, cold chain temperature alert in <2 minutes vs. 4-hour batch delay, and the 67% reduction in irreversible temperature excursions."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_01 .
scra:D12_sca_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "API integration strategy: connecting ERP, WMS, TMS & external systems"@en ;
  skos:definition "REST vs. EDI vs. event-driven integration, the API catalog as the prerequisite of reuse, and the OTIF improvement from ASN latency reduction from 24h to 5 minutes."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_01 .
scra:D12_sca_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cloud vs. on-premise for supply chain data: migration & TCO analysis"@en ;
  skos:definition "Snowflake vs. Oracle Exadata TCO ($180K vs. $1.08M/year), cloud cost management requirements, and 4-week deployment speed as the key cloud advantage."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_01 .
scra:D12_sca_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Data security, privacy & compliance in supply chain data platforms"@en ;
  skos:definition "GDPR/LFPDPPP requirements, RBAC from day 1, dynamic data masking for personal data in dev/test, and the audit log as the compliance evidence."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_01 .
scra:D12_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Master Data Management & Data Governance"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12 .
scra:D12_mdm_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Product master data: SKU hierarchy, attributes & lifecycle management"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 most costly master data problems and the $180K/year freight overpayment from incorrect weights."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_02 .
scra:D12_mdm_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Customer & supplier master data: golden records & deduplication"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 15% duplicate rate in supplier master data and its impact on spend analytics, and the golden record as the canonical source of truth."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_02 .
scra:D12_mdm_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Data governance framework: ownership, stewardship & quality rules"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 data roles (Owner/Steward/Consumer/Engineer), the monthly Data Quality Scorecard, and the 75% reduction in data quality operational costs."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_02 .
scra:D12_mdm_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "GS1 standards, GTIN & supply chain data interoperability"@en ;
  skos:definition "GTIN/GLN/SSCC/EPCIS as the global supply chain language and the 38% sales lift from fixing missing product images via GDSN."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_02 .
scra:D12_mdm_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Data catalog & business glossary: making supply chain data discoverable"@en ;
  skos:definition "The business glossary as the lowest-cost, highest-impact investment in supply chain analytics, and reducing analytics prep time from 35% to 8%."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_02 .
scra:D12_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "ML & Predictive Analytics in Supply Chain"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12 .
scra:D12_mla_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Predictive maintenance: ML models for asset failure prediction"@en ;
  skos:definition "Anomaly detection for bearing degradation 3–4 weeks before failure, the 2.8× first-year ROI of PdM implementation."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_03 .
scra:D12_mla_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Route optimization ML: dynamic routing, time windows & multi-depot"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 23% distance reduction and 29pp OTIF improvement from ML-optimized routes, and ETA prediction accuracy as the customer experience metric."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_03 .
scra:D12_mla_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supplier risk scoring: ML models for supply chain risk intelligence"@en ;
  skos:definition "5 risk signal categories, the 65% predictive accuracy target, and $1.8M USD in avoided production stoppages."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_03 .
scra:D12_mla_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand forecasting with ML: external signals, NLP & ensemble methods"@en ;
  skos:definition "The statistical+ML ensemble as the 2025 best practice, SHAP values for explainability, and the 32% MAPE improvement."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_03 .
scra:D12_mla_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Prescriptive analytics & optimization: from prediction to action"@en ;
  skos:definition "Safety stock optimization that simultaneously reduced capital by $13.4M MXN and stockout rate by 56%, and the 70% adoption rate target."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_03 .
scra:D12_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Data Visualization, Dashboards & Decision Support"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12 .
scra:D12_dvi_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain control towers: real-time visibility dashboards"@en ;
  skos:definition "Exception-based alerting vs. reporting dashboards, the 30-minute alert response time target, and the 42% WISMO reduction from proactive delay notifications."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_04 .
scra:D12_dvi_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "KPI dashboard design: principles, hierarchy & storytelling with data"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3-level dashboard pyramid (executive/managerial/operational), the 10–15 KPI maximum, and time-to-insight as the usability metric."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_04 .
scra:D12_dvi_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Advanced analytics for supply chain: network maps, heatmaps & Sankey diagrams"@en ;
  skos:definition "Network maps as the highest-impact one-time analysis in logistics network design and the 3 insights in 1 hour that 3 years of tabular reports never surfaced."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_04 .
scra:D12_dvi_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Self-service analytics: enabling business users with data without IT dependency"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4-level self-service maturity model, data catalog + business glossary as prerequisites, and the 3-week to 2-day analytics backlog reduction."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_04 .
scra:D12_dvi_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Embedded analytics & AI copilots in supply chain applications"@en ;
  skos:definition "SAP Joule and O9 AI copilot for S&OP narrative generation, the 62% S&OP preparation time reduction, and the human-in-the-loop validation requirement."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_04 .
scra:D12_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI Tools & Platforms for Supply Chain"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12 .
scra:D12_ait_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI platform selection: build vs. buy for supply chain AI applications"@en ;
  skos:definition "The decision framework, the proprietary data advantage that tips the balance toward build, and the 12% vs. 16% MAPE advantage of locally-trained models."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_05 .
scra:D12_ait_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "MLOps for supply chain: model versioning, monitoring & retraining pipelines"@en ;
  skos:definition "Model drift as the silent killer (22% MAPE after 6 months unmonitored), MLflow for versioning, and the 7-day detection target with automated monitoring."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_05 .
scra:D12_ait_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Natural language processing (NLP) for supply chain: contract analysis & risk signals"@en ;
  skos:definition "Contract analysis at 5 minutes vs. 8 hours, 142 force majeure gaps found in 2 days, and the 4,000-hour productivity saving across 500 contracts."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_05 .
scra:D12_ait_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Computer vision in supply chain: quality inspection, OCR & warehouse automation"@en ;
  skos:definition "99.2% defect detection vs. 72% human inspection, the 2.1× first-year ROI, and YOLO v8 as the real-time detection standard."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_05 .
scra:D12_ait_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Responsible AI in supply chain: bias, explainability & governance"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 24% size bias in supplier scoring, SHAP values as the explainability standard, and the adoption rate jump from 38% to 74% after the bias correction."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_05 .
scra:D12_L2_06 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Analytics-Driven Operations & Continuous Improvement"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12 .
scra:D12_ado_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Data-driven culture: from gut-feel to evidence-based decisions in supply chain"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 5-level maturity model, data literacy as the prerequisite, and the 68% data-driven decision rate achieved in 12 months with the data champion program."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_06 .
scra:D12_ado_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "A/B testing & experimentation in supply chain: validating operational changes"@en ;
  skos:definition "The causal proof advantage of A/B testing over historical analysis, the 4–8 week minimum experiment duration, and the $42K MXN test that saved $0.80/order × all CDMX volume."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_06 .
scra:D12_ado_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Six Sigma & DMAIC with data analytics: process improvement in the digital age"@en ;
  skos:definition "DMAIC in 3 weeks vs. 6 months with lakehouse data, Random Forest as the root cause analysis tool, and the 31% picking time reduction."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_06 .
scra:D12_ado_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Digital twin for supply chain simulation & scenario planning"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 major use cases, the 30-minute simulation time target, and the 10% calibration accuracy requirement for decision-grade predictions."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_06 .
scra:D12_ado_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Analytics ROI measurement: quantifying the value of data & AI in supply chain"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4-dimension ROI framework, the 5.4× total program ROI, and how to present analytics as a capital investment to the CFO before budget season."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D12_L2_06 .
scra:D13 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Autonomous SC & AI Agents"@en , "SC Autónoma e Agentes IA"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D13_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI Agent Architecture & Design in Supply Chain"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13 .
scra:D13_aag_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "What is an AI agent? Anatomy of autonomous supply chain agents"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 components of every supply chain agent (sensors, reasoning model, action policy, actuators), the 4-level autonomy spectrum, and the PO cycle time reduction from 4.2 days to 18 hours with a Level 2 agent."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_01 .
scra:D13_aag_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "LLM-powered agents: tool use, memory & reasoning in supply chain contexts"@en ;
  skos:definition "LLM agents with tool use (ERP APIs, WMS queries, PO generation) as the 2025 standard, the hallucination rate as the key quality metric, and the 70% S&OP preparation time reduction."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_01 .
scra:D13_aag_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Agent design patterns: reactive, deliberative & hybrid architectures"@en ;
  skos:definition "Reactive agents for high-frequency simple decisions, deliberative agents for complex planning, and the hybrid architecture that reduced stockout rate from 4.2% to 0.8% with a 3-layer subsumption design."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_01 .
scra:D13_aag_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Agent evaluation frameworks: testing, red-teaming & performance benchmarking"@en ;
  skos:definition "Backtesting + red-teaming + shadow mode as the 3-phase evaluation protocol, and the $420K MXN in avoided losses from the failure modes detected before production deployment."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_01 .
scra:D13_aag_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Agent deployment patterns: edge, cloud & hybrid for supply chain operations"@en ;
  skos:definition "Edge deployment for sub-50ms latency and offline availability, cloud deployment for LLM reasoning, and the hybrid pattern that achieved 100% temperature excursion detection including offline zones."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_01 .
scra:D13_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AVC Theorem & Fundamental Limits of Autonomous SC"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13 .
scra:D13_avc_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "The AVC Theorem: Autonomy-Veracity-Coordination trilemma in AI supply chains"@en ;
  skos:definition "The formal statement ∀S: ¬(A(S) ∧ V(S) ∧ C(S)), the 3 projections of the trilemma, and the 3 design changes generated by the AVC analysis of a 4-agent FMCG system."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_02 .
scra:D13_avc_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Veracity constraints: information completeness & latency in autonomous agents"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 types of Veracity failure (latency, incompleteness, incorrectness, asymmetry), the Epistemic Degradation Function (EDF), and how 77% of agent overrides were caused by Veracity failures — not model failures."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_02 .
scra:D13_avc_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Coordination failures in multi-agent supply chains: emergent conflicts"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 patterns of Coordination failure (objective conflict, resource contention, information cascade, goal misalignment), the $1.2M MXN damage from uncoordinated agents, and the 3 coordination mechanisms that resolved them."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_02 .
scra:D13_avc_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Autonomy boundaries: when AI agents should defer to human judgment"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 5 deferral conditions (novelty, high stakes, conflicting signals, low confidence, external events), the deferral accuracy as the calibration metric, and the reduction of override rate from 28% to 6% with well-designed deferral mechanisms."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_02 .
scra:D13_avc_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AVC in practice: case studies of autonomous supply chain failures & lessons"@en ;
  skos:definition "The Amazon pricing bot flash crash (A+V without C), the 2022 retail inventory overstock (A+C without V), and the automotive scheduling-logistics conflict (Coordination failure) — all analyzed through the AVC framework to generate generalizable design lessons."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_02 .
scra:D13_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Autonomous Execution: Reorder, Dispatch & Fulfillment Agents"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13 .
scra:D13_exe_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Autonomous reorder agents: dynamic safety stock & PO generation"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 5-component reorder agent architecture, the 81% stockout rate reduction, and the $14.2M MXN capital liberation from DIO reduction."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_03 .
scra:D13_exe_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Autonomous dispatch agents: dynamic carrier selection & route assignment"@en ;
  skos:definition "Carrier scoring based on OTIF-by-route (not global OTIF), the 17% freight cost reduction, the 15pp OTIF improvement, and the AVC Veracity failure from stale capacity data."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_03 .
scra:D13_exe_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Warehouse execution agents: autonomous picking, slotting & replenishment"@en ;
  skos:definition "Dynamic slotting agent that recalculates weekly using rotation patterns, the 40% throughput improvement equivalent to 9 additional pickers, and the 33% picking distance reduction."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_03 .
scra:D13_exe_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Autonomous procurement agents: supplier negotiations & contract management"@en ;
  skos:definition "Automated RFQ for Category C items, PO confirmation monitoring with 48h/72h escalation, and the 8.4% average savings on automatically tendered items."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_03 .
scra:D13_exe_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Customer fulfillment agents: order promising, exception management & NPS"@en ;
  skos:definition "Real-time CTP as the foundation of correct order promising, the 66% WISMO reduction, the +16 NPS points from proactive delay notification, and the $420K MXN/year CS cost reduction."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_03 .
scra:D13_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Multi-Agent Systems & Orchestration"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13 .
scra:D13_mas_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Orchestration patterns: conductor, peer-to-peer & market mechanisms"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3 orchestration patterns matched to the degree of agent interdependence, and the inter-agent conflict rate reduction from 8.4% to 1.2% with differentiated orchestration."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_04 .
scra:D13_mas_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Emergent intelligence: when multi-agent systems outperform individual agents"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3 types of emergent intelligence (specialization, collective adaptation, robustness by redundancy), and the coordinated disruption response that saved $1.2M MXN."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_04 .
scra:D13_mas_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Human-machine teaming: optimal autonomy allocation in hybrid agent systems"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4-level human-machine teaming maturity model, the 58% routine work liberation from an 8-person supply chain team, and the Human Value-Add Time % as the teaming maturity KPI."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_04 .
scra:D13_mas_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Agent communication protocols: A2A, function calling & shared state"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 A2A mechanisms matched to communication frequency and urgency, and the Google A2A protocol as the 2025 interoperability standard."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_04 .
scra:D13_mas_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Scaling multi-agent systems: from 3 agents to 50 agents in production"@en ;
  skos:definition "The coordination explosion problem (3 agents = 3 pairs; 50 agents = 1,225 pairs), the hierarchical agent organization as the only scalable orchestration pattern, and the automated governance prerequisite for scaling beyond 8 agents."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_04 .
scra:D13_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI Agent Governance, Oversight & Risk Management"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13 .
scra:D13_gov_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI agent governance frameworks: policies, controls & accountability"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 5 governance pillars (authorization policy, accountability, auditability, override mechanisms, continuous monitoring), and the $3M MXN risk eliminated by the formal authorization policy in the first month."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_05 .
scra:D13_gov_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Agent risk taxonomy: operational, financial, legal & reputational risks"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4-type risk taxonomy plus the velocity-of-propagation dimension that amplifies agent risks vs. human decision risks, and the 3 controls that prevented the pricing agent disaster scenarios."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_05 .
scra:D13_gov_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Regulatory landscape for autonomous supply chain AI: EU AI Act & NIST RMF"@en ;
  skos:definition "The EU AI Act risk categories for supply chain agents, the warehouse scheduling agent as the most common “high risk” category, and the NIST AI RMF as the compliance framework most compatible with the EU AI Act."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_05 .
scra:D13_gov_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Agent incident response: detection, containment & recovery protocols"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4-phase incident response protocol (detection, containment, root cause analysis, recovery), the override rate as the earliest silent failure signal, and the $280K MXN in duplicate POs avoided by the 47-minute containment."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_05 .
scra:D13_gov_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Agent performance KPIs: measuring value, accuracy & safety in production"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 3-dimension KPI framework (value, precision, governance), the Agent Value Creation Index as the C-suite ROI metric, and the monthly Agent Owner review cycle as the continuous improvement mechanism."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_05 .
scra:D13_L2_06 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Emergent Behavior, Opacity & Supply Chain Resilience"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13 .
scra:D13_emg_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Emergent opacity: the AVC consequence that accumulates invisibly"@en ;
  skos:definition "The Epistemic Degradation Function (EDF), the Opacity Accumulation Theorem (opacity grows as the square of high-autonomy agents), and the drop from 85% to 42% of explainable decisions when scaling from 1 to 4 agents."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_06 .
scra:D13_emg_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Resilience-opacity tradeoff: designing for robustness without losing control"@en ;
  skos:definition "The Resilience-Opacity Tradeoff Frontier (ROTF) as the Pareto frontier of multi-agent system design, the pharmaceutical vs. FMCG design point comparison, and the Resilience-Opacity Ratio as the system health metric."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_06 .
scra:D13_emg_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Adaptive supply chains: agents that learn from disruptions & self-heal"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4-cycle learning loop (detection, adaptive response, learning, adaptation), the disruption response improvement from 4.2 to 0.8 days and fill rate from 72% to 91% between the first and second disruption of the same type."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_06 .
scra:D13_emg_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Unintended emergent behaviors: when multi-agent systems surprise their designers"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 4 unintended emergent behavior types (resonance cascade, deadlock, wrong objective optimization, synchronization failure), the resonance cascade that dropped the SKU A price 34% in 20 hours, and the circuit breaker as the primary prevention mechanism."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_06 .
scra:D13_emg_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "The future of autonomous supply chains: from agentic AI to AGI-ready operations"@en ;
  skos:definition "The 5-level autonomous supply chain maturity map (2020-2035), the AVC Theorem as the enduring compass for AGI-ready system design, and the irreplaceable role of human judgment in the era of autonomous supply chain AI."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D13_L2_06 .
scra:D14 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Hyperautomation & Robotics"@en , "Automatización, Integración y Robótica"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D14_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "RPA & Process Automation in Supply Chain"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14 .
scra:D14_rpa_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "RPA fundamentals: bots for invoice processing, PO matching & data entry"@en ;
  skos:definition "$2.2M MXN/year savings from AP automation at 4.2-month payback. 78% straight-through processing rate benchmark."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_01 .
scra:D14_rpa_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Intelligent document processing: OCR + AI for unstructured supply chain documents"@en ;
  skos:definition "92% extraction accuracy across 28 invoice formats. 78% reduction in document processing time."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_01 .
scra:D14_rpa_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Process mining: discovering automation opportunities in supply chain workflows"@en ;
  skos:definition "3 weeks of analysis vs. 4–6 months traditional. Revealed $4.8M MXN/year in automation opportunities."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_01 .
scra:D14_rpa_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Hyperautomation strategy: combining RPA, AI & low-code for end-to-end automation"@en ;
  skos:definition "3-wave program delivers $5.2M MXN/year at 1.4× ROI. Process mining first, then RPA quick wins, then AI."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_01 .
scra:D14_rpa_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "RPA governance: bot lifecycle management, error handling & change management"@en ;
  skos:definition "Bot Portfolio Health Score and Bot Owner accountability. Production incidents: 6/semester to 0."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_01 .
scra:D14_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Robotics in Warehousing & Manufacturing"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14 .
scra:D14_rob_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Warehouse robotics: AS/RS, conveyors & automated storage systems"@en ;
  skos:definition "Mini-Load AS/RS: 80× fewer picking errors, 3.9× picking speed, 67% space reduction. 4–7 year payback for well-designed urban CEDIS."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_02 .
scra:D14_rob_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Picking robots: piece picking automation & goods-to-person systems"@en ;
  skos:definition "GTP AMRs deliver 2–3× picker productivity. AI-powered picking robots achieve >80% SKU coverage with computer vision."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_02 .
scra:D14_rob_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Manufacturing robotics: collaborative arms, welding & assembly automation"@en ;
  skos:definition "SMT assembly robots: 11.7× throughput, 150× fewer defects, 2.8-year payback. OEE >85% is the target."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_02 .
scra:D14_rob_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Robotic depalletizing & sortation in physical supply chain"@en ;
  skos:definition "Robotic palletizing: 10× throughput, 95% reduction in pallet rejection rate, 2.1-year payback. WMS integration is the key enabler."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_02 .
scra:D14_rob_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "ROI of warehouse automation: total cost of ownership & payback analysis"@en ;
  skos:definition "15–30% annual ROI, 2–5 year payback for well-designed projects. Picking error cost is the most underestimated benefit."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_02 .
scra:D14_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AMRs & Mobile Automation"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14 .
scra:D14_amr_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AMRs vs. AGVs: autonomous mobile robots for warehouse navigation"@en ;
  skos:definition "GTP AMRs deliver 2.7× picker productivity. Fleet scales in 2 hours for peak demand vs. 3 weeks to hire workers."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_03 .
scra:D14_amr_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Fleet management systems: orchestrating robot fleets in dynamic environments"@en ;
  skos:definition "FMS optimization improved fleet utilization from 52% to 82% — equivalent to 7–10 additional AMRs without hardware investment."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_03 .
scra:D14_amr_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Last-mile robotics: delivery robots, drones & autonomous delivery vehicles"@en ;
  skos:definition "Drones: 7.6× faster, 77% cheaper, 33% more successful for rural pharma delivery. AFAC regulatory compliance is the key go/no-go factor."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_03 .
scra:D14_amr_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Autonomous forklifts & yard management: automated outdoor material handling"@en ;
  skos:definition "Automated YMS reduces truck cycle time 38% and eliminates $480K MXN/year in carrier detention fees without physical automation investment."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_03 .
scra:D14_amr_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AMR safety standards: ISO 3691-4, human-robot coexistence & safety systems"@en ;
  skos:definition "ISO 3691-4 certification by external specialist is mandatory before AMR go-live. 0 human-robot incidents in 18 months with correct implementation."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_03 .
scra:D14_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Collaborative Robots (Cobots) & Human-Robot Teaming"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14 .
scra:D14_cob_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cobot fundamentals: collaborative robot platforms & programming"@en ;
  skos:definition "UR10 cobot: −37% packing cost, 0 MSK injuries in 18 months, 2.4-year payback. Demonstration programming enables 30-minute task changeover."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_04 .
scra:D14_cob_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Human-robot teaming in operations: task allocation & skill complementarity"@en ;
  skos:definition "99.8% inspection accuracy with 3.2× speed vs. human-only. Handoff time <5 seconds is the throughput KPI."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_04 .
scra:D14_cob_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cobot applications: packaging, palletizing & flexible assembly"@en ;
  skos:definition "Flexible palletizing: <2 min changeover (vs. 35 min manual), 99.6% pallet conformance, 2.6-year payback."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_04 .
scra:D14_cob_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cobot safety standards: ISO/TS 15066 & power and force limiting"@en ;
  skos:definition "ISO/TS 15066 defines 4 collaboration modes. PFL contact force must be measured with certified force gauge. External audit is mandatory before go-live."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_04 .
scra:D14_cob_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cobot ROI & adoption: change management for human-robot teaming"@en ;
  skos:definition "Town hall 8 weeks before arrival + operator ambassador program = 94% adoption rate in month 3. Retain 100% of operators and actively redirect freed time."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_04 .
scra:D14_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "IoT, Sensors & Connected Operations"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14 .
scra:D14_iot_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Industrial IoT architecture: sensors, gateways & cloud connectivity in supply chain"@en ;
  skos:definition "4-layer IIoT architecture. 18 cold-chain shipments saved = $4.8M MXN avoided losses in first 6 months."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_05 .
scra:D14_iot_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "RFID & barcode systems: inventory accuracy & real-time location tracking"@en ;
  skos:definition "RFID: 280 items per pallet in 8 seconds. Inventory accuracy 99.6% vs. 94.2% with barcode scanning."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_05 .
scra:D14_iot_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cold chain IoT monitoring: temperature sensors, data loggers & FDA compliance"@en ;
  skos:definition "FDA 21 CFR Part 11 compliance. 100% cold chain compliance rate is non-negotiable for pharma export to USA."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_05 .
scra:D14_iot_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Asset tracking & smart inventory: real-time location in warehouses & yards"@en ;
  skos:definition "UWB tracking: 8 min to 1.2 min to locate forklifts. Fleet utilization improved from 62% to 78%."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_05 .
scra:D14_iot_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Connected vehicles: telematics, ELD compliance & real-time fleet visibility"@en ;
  skos:definition "Dynamic ETA reduces WISMO contacts 35–50%. Driver behavior monitoring cuts fuel consumption 8–15%."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_05 .
scra:D14_L2_06 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Hyperautomation Governance & ROI Framework"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14 .
scra:D14_hag_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Automation portfolio management: balancing RPA, AI & robotics investments"@en ;
  skos:definition "2×2 portfolio matrix (ROI vs. Implementation Complexity). Balance quick wins with strategic investments across the full automation stack."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_06 .
scra:D14_hag_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Change management for hyperautomation: workforce transformation & reskilling"@en ;
  skos:definition "Proactive communication 8+ weeks before go-live. Reskilling programs for employees whose tasks are automated."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_06 .
scra:D14_hag_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Automation ROI measurement: from task savings to business value"@en ;
  skos:definition "4-dimension ROI: direct cost reduction + productivity improvement + quality improvement + strategic enablement."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_06 .
scra:D14_hag_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Automation governance: CoE model, standards & technology lifecycle"@en ;
  skos:definition "Automation CoE accelerates delivery 2–3× vs. ad-hoc implementation. Intake process, naming standards, and bot retirement criteria."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_06 .
scra:D14_hag_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Hyperautomation maturity model: from isolated RPA to intelligent operations"@en ;
  skos:definition "5-level maturity model. Most organizations in 2025 are at Level 2–3. AI agent governance is the bridge to Level 4."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D14_L2_06 .
scra:D15 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Digital Integration & Platforms"@en , "Integración Digital y Plataformas"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D15_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "ERP & Core SC Systems Integration"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15 .
scra:D15_erp_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "ERP selection & implementation for supply chain: S/4HANA, Oracle & Microsoft Dynamics"@en ;
  skos:definition "SAP S/4HANA ATP from 4.2h to <2 min. ERP data latency <5 min target. Adoption rate >85% signals a healthy go-live."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_01 .
scra:D15_erp_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "ERP-to-ERP integration: multi-company, multi-country & M&A scenarios"@en ;
  skos:definition "Hub-and-spoke iPaaS scales better than point-to-point beyond 3 ERPs. Inter-company order cycle time: 8.2 to 4.1 days target."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_01 .
scra:D15_erp_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Master data management (MDM) for supply chain: items, vendors & customers"@en ;
  skos:definition "22% of items had incorrect lead times — fixing them reduced stockout rate 75%. Master data completeness >95% is the benchmark."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_01 .
scra:D15_erp_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "APS & supply chain planning systems: from ERP-native to best-of-breed"@en ;
  skos:definition "o9 Solutions: MAPE 42% to 28%, S&OP cycle 22 to 8 days, fill rate +5.6 pp = $8.4M MXN additional revenue."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_01 .
scra:D15_erp_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Data architecture for supply chain: data lakes, APIs & real-time integration"@en ;
  skos:definition "Data Lakehouse (Databricks/Snowflake) + API layer + Kafka event streaming. Supply chain data freshness <5 min for operational decisions."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_01 .
scra:D15_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "API-First SC Integration & Middleware"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15 .
scra:D15_api_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "REST APIs, GraphQL & webhooks: the modern supply chain integration stack"@en ;
  skos:definition "85% manual work eliminated with API-first SC integration. Contract-first design, versioning, and documentation are the governance pillars."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_02 .
scra:D15_api_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "EDI & B2B integration: electronic data interchange with suppliers & customers"@en ;
  skos:definition "EDI 850+855+856+810: OTC cycle time 8.2 to 4.1 days, 30 hrs/week freed, DSO 42 to 28 days. AS2 protocol is the B2B security standard."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_02 .
scra:D15_api_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain control towers: integration architecture & real-time visibility"@en ;
  skos:definition "Level 2 Control Tower: exception detection rate 87% with >4h advance notice, response time 4.2h to 38 min."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_02 .
scra:D15_api_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supplier & customer portals: self-service integration for trading partners"@en ;
  skos:definition "PO confirmation time 24–48h to <4h. 100% ASN manual capture eliminated. Adoption rate >80% requires proactive onboarding."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_02 .
scra:D15_api_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "iPaaS platforms: MuleSoft, Boomi & SAP Integration Suite for supply chain"@en ;
  skos:definition "iPaaS reduces integration time 70% (3–4 months to 6 weeks per integration). Breakeven at 4–6 integrations for most platforms."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_02 .
scra:D15_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "TMS, WMS & Last-Mile Platforms"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15 .
scra:D15_tms_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "TMS selection & implementation: carrier management, freight audit & booking"@en ;
  skos:definition "Blue Yonder TMS: transportation cost $78 to $62 MXN/order (−21%) + $420K MXN/year freight audit recovery. Carrier SLA visibility is the go-live gate."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_03 .
scra:D15_tms_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "WMS advanced features: slotting, labor management & cross-docking"@en ;
  skos:definition "Manhattan LMS: labor cost $2.40 to $1.85 MXN/line (−23%) = $2.6M MXN/year savings. Labor utilization target: >88%."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_03 .
scra:D15_tms_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Last-mile delivery platforms: route optimization, proof of delivery & WISMO"@en ;
  skos:definition "Onfleet: WISMO 22% to 6% (−73%), freight cost −21%, POD disputes 8% to 0.3%. Proactive delivery notifications are the highest-ROI feature."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_03 .
scra:D15_tms_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Freight visibility platforms: real-time tracking across modes & carriers"@en ;
  skos:definition "project44: maritime ETA precision ±8.2 to ±1.8 days = 6 DIO safety stock reduction × $28M MXN inventory = $3.7M MXN working capital freed."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_03 .
scra:D15_tms_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "3PL & outsourced logistics management: vendor selection, SLAs & governance"@en ;
  skos:definition "3PL OTIF is the primary selection criterion — not price. A 3PL with OTIF 88.4% vs. 94.2% for the winning bidder costs more in service failures than it saves on rate."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_03 .
scra:D15_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "PLM & Product Data Integration"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15 .
scra:D15_plm_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "PLM fundamentals: from engineering design to supply chain handoff"@en ;
  skos:definition "PLM–ERP integration: engineering change propagation <4h (vs. 2–3 weeks manual). BOM accuracy target: >99.5%."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_04 .
scra:D15_plm_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "New product introduction (NPI): supply chain readiness & launch execution"@en ;
  skos:definition "NPI SC Readiness Assessment at 12 weeks before launch. Supplier qualification completion rate >95% is the launch gate criterion."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_04 .
scra:D15_plm_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Product portfolio rationalization: SKU complexity, long tail & cost-to-serve"@en ;
  skos:definition "Retiring 25% of SKUs (1,036 SKUs): −18% total inventory ($12.4M MXN freed), MAPE 38% to 26%, −14% warehouse transactions."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_04 .
scra:D15_plm_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Sustainability data in product design: LCA, carbon footprint & eco-design"@en ;
  skos:definition "CBAM fully in force in 2026. Steel exporter case: €225.7K/year in avoided CBAM levies by switching to a lower-carbon supplier at equivalent quality."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_04 .
scra:D15_plm_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Reverse logistics & end-of-life: returns integration & circular supply chains"@en ;
  skos:definition "E-commerce fashion returns (28% rate): processing cost $48 to $28 MXN/unit (−42%), restock rate 52% to 68% = $2.8M MXN/year incremental margin."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_04 .
scra:D15_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Customer Data Platform & Demand Signal Integration"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15 .
scra:D15_cdp_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand signal integration: POS, RFID & real-time sell-through data"@en ;
  skos:definition "VMI with POS integration: MAPE 38% to 22% (−16 pp), stockout −79%, DIO −14 days. 70% POS coverage is the minimum viability threshold."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_05 .
scra:D15_cdp_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "VMI & CPFR: collaborative replenishment models with key customers"@en ;
  skos:definition "VMI pilot (120 SKUs, 480 stores): on-shelf availability 88.4% to 97.8% (+9.4 pp), retailer DIO −10 days. CPFR forecast accuracy +18 pp vs. retailer-alone."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_05 .
scra:D15_cdp_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Customer segmentation for supply chain: service differentiation by segment"@en ;
  skos:definition "840 clients segmented: Segment A (5% of clients, 68% of revenue) OTIF SLA >96%; Segment C (65% of clients, 8% of revenue) standard SLA."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_05 .
scra:D15_cdp_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Omnichannel fulfillment: unified inventory & order routing across channels"@en ;
  skos:definition "Ship-from-Store (180 stores): lead time 48–72h to 24h, freight cost $68 to $42 MXN/order (−38%), stockout rate −67%."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_05 .
scra:D15_cdp_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Customer experience metrics: NPS, CSAT & supply chain contribution to CX"@en ;
  skos:definition "76% of NPS variation explained by OTIF, proactive exception notifications, and invoice accuracy. Supply chain is the primary driver of customer loyalty."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D15_L2_05 .
scra:D16 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Visibility, Digital Twin & Cybersecurity"@en , "Visibilidad, Gemelo Digital y Ciberseguridad"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D16_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply Chain Visibility & Digital Twin"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16 .
scra:D16_vis_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "End-to-end supply chain visibility: from Tier-1 to Tier-N suppliers"@en ;
  skos:definition "Tier-N mapping revealed single-source Scope 3 dependency invisible in Tier-1 analysis. Single-source dependency <20% is the risk management target."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_01 .
scra:D16_vis_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Digital twin of the supply chain: simulation, scenario planning & network optimization"@en ;
  skos:definition "Digital twin network design: 8→6 warehouses saved $6.4M MXN/year at −1.4 pp OTIF and +6.8h transit time. Quantifies trade-offs before irreversible decisions."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_01 .
scra:D16_vis_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Real-time inventory visibility: RFID, IoT & unified inventory across all nodes"@en ;
  skos:definition "Unified inventory visibility: virtual stockout 12.4%→2.2% (−82%) = $3.2M MXN additional e-commerce revenue. Inventory latency <5 minutes is the integration quality benchmark."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_01 .
scra:D16_vis_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand sensing & machine learning for short-term forecasting"@en ;
  skos:definition "ML ensemble MAPE at 7 days: 28%→14% (−14 pp). Emergency orders −78%, safety stock −36% = $3.7M MXN benefit. Demand sensing complements — does not replace — demand planning."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_01 .
scra:D16_vis_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain analytics: KPI dashboards, root cause analysis & prescriptive insights"@en ;
  skos:definition "Time to insight: 3–5 days (manual) → 15 minutes (real-time dashboard). Analytics adoption rate >70% is the real ROI indicator — a dashboard nobody uses generates zero value."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_01 .
scra:D16_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply Chain Cybersecurity"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16 .
scra:D16_cyb_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cybersecurity in supply chain: threat landscape, attack vectors & frameworks"@en ;
  skos:definition "TPRM: 78 suppliers with insufficient controls, 12 undocumented ERP connections. BEC in supplier payment processes: $120K–$500K MXN average cost per incident."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_02 .
scra:D16_cyb_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Third-party & supplier cybersecurity risk: vendor assessment & due diligence"@en ;
  skos:definition "TPRM identified 11 critical-access suppliers without MFA. Contractual cybersecurity clauses are the highest-impact long-term TPRM tool. 100% assessment coverage for critical-access suppliers is mandatory."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_02 .
scra:D16_cyb_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Ransomware & operational disruption: BC/DR planning for supply chain systems"@en ;
  skos:definition "BC/DR simulation revealed 3 critical gaps. Air-gapped backups are the most critical ransomware recovery component. RTO target for high-criticality SC systems: <8 hours."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_02 .
scra:D16_cyb_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Data security & privacy in supply chain: GDPR, LFPDPPP & data classification"@en ;
  skos:definition "Driver GPS data in TMS = personal data under LFPDPPP requiring explicit consent. LFPDPPP fines up to $10M MXN per infraction. GDPR fines up to 4% of global annual revenue."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_02 .
scra:D16_cyb_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cybersecurity incident response for supply chain: playbooks & recovery"@en ;
  skos:definition "Ransomware recovery in 71 hours vs. 5–7 day benchmark — enabled by air-gapped backups and prepared BC/DR plan. Manual emergency operating procedures are the most overlooked BC/DR component."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_02 .
scra:D16_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Digital Twin & Simulation"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16 .
scra:D16_dt_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain digital twin: simulating the entire network in real time"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_03 .
scra:D16_dt_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Real-time inventory visibility: from batch updates to live stock intelligence"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_03 .
scra:D16_dt_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Control tower: the nerve center of supply chain intelligence"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_03 .
scra:D16_dt_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Demand sensing: bridging the gap between statistical forecast and real-time demand signals"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_03 .
scra:D16_dt_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Analytics dashboards and SC intelligence: from reporting to decision support"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_03 .
scra:D16_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI & Autonomous Operations in SC"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16 .
scra:D16_ai_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI-augmented decision making: from automation to autonomous supply chain operations"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_04 .
scra:D16_ai_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain AI governance: accountability, explainability, and human oversight frameworks"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_04 .
scra:D16_ai_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI agents in supply chain: from task automation to autonomous multi-agent orchestration"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_04 .
scra:D16_ai_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Generative AI in supply chain: practical applications beyond the hype"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_04 .
scra:D16_ai_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Predictive analytics and ML forecasting: moving beyond statistical baselines"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_04 .
scra:D16_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Data Quality & SC Data Governance"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16 .
scra:D16_dq_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC master data management: the foundation that determines whether the supply chain works"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_05 .
scra:D16_dq_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC data architecture and data lakehouse: enabling analytics at enterprise scale"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_05 .
scra:D16_dq_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Data quality management: ensuring SC decisions are made on trustworthy data"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_05 .
scra:D16_dq_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC data privacy, compliance, and cross-border data governance"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_05 .
scra:D16_dq_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Interoperability and EDI: the data exchange infrastructure of the supply chain"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D16_L2_05 .
scra:D17 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Risk, Resilience & Geopolitics"@en , "Riesgo, Resiliencia y Geopolítica"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D17_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Enterprise & Supply Chain Risk Management"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17 .
scra:D17_rsk_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Risk identification & supply chain risk taxonomy"@en , "Identificación de riesgos y taxonomía de riesgo en la cadena"@es ;
  skos:definition "Building the shared vocabulary of what can go wrong: structured risk identification across supply, demand, process, environment, and control risks, maintained as a living taxonomy with clear ownership."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_01 .
scra:D17_rsk_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Risk assessment & quantification (FMEA, heat maps, VaR/CFaR)"@en , "Evaluación y cuantificación de riesgos (FMEA, mapas de calor, VaR/CFaR)"@es ;
  skos:definition "Converting identified risks into comparable magnitudes: probability-impact scoring, FMEA for process risk, and financial quantification through value-at-risk and cash-flow-at-risk methods."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_01 .
scra:D17_rsk_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Risk monitoring & early-warning systems"@en , "Monitoreo de riesgos y sistemas de alerta temprana"@es ;
  skos:definition "Moving from periodic risk reviews to continuous sensing: leading indicators, supplier financial health signals, event monitoring services, and escalation thresholds that trigger before impact."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_01 .
scra:D17_rsk_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Risk mitigation portfolio & treatment strategies"@en , "Portafolio de mitigación y estrategias de tratamiento de riesgo"@es ;
  skos:definition "Designing the response: avoid, reduce, transfer, or accept — assembled as a portfolio with explicit cost-benefit logic, owners, implementation status, and residual-risk acceptance at the right level."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_01 .
scra:D17_rsk_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Third-party & supplier risk management (TPRM)"@en , "Gestión de riesgo de terceros y proveedores (TPRM)"@es ;
  skos:definition "Extending the risk discipline to the supplier base: segmentation by criticality, onboarding due diligence, continuous financial and operational monitoring, and contractual risk allocation."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_01 .
scra:D17_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Network Resilience Engineering"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17 .
scra:D17_res_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Resilience strategy: redundancy & multi-sourcing design"@en , "Estrategia de resiliencia: diseño de redundancia y multi-sourcing"@es ;
  skos:definition "Deciding where the network holds structural slack: dual/multi-sourcing, geographic diversification, capacity buffers, and strategic inventory — placed deliberately, not uniformly."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_02 .
scra:D17_res_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Stress testing & disruption scenario simulation"@en , "Pruebas de estrés y simulación de escenarios de disrupción"@es ;
  skos:definition "Testing the network against hypothetical shocks before reality does: scenario design, digital simulation of failure modes, war-gaming exercises, and translating results into design changes."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_02 .
scra:D17_res_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Time-to-Recover / Time-to-Survive (TTR/TTS) analytics"@en , "Analítica Time-to-Recover / Time-to-Survive (TTR/TTS)"@es ;
  skos:definition "The quantitative core of resilience: for each node, how long the network survives its loss (TTS) versus how long recovery takes (TTR) — exposing the gaps where TTR exceeds TTS."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_02 .
scra:D17_res_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Structural flexibility: postponement, modularity & flexible capacity"@en , "Flexibilidad estructural: postergación, modularidad y capacidad flexible"@es ;
  skos:definition "Resilience through design rather than slack: postponement of differentiation, modular product and process architecture, multi-purpose capacity, and logistics route flexibility."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_02 .
scra:D17_res_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Resilience metrics & ROR governance"@en , "Métricas de resiliencia y gobernanza ROR"@es ;
  skos:definition "Measuring resilience as a managed KPI set: TTR/TTS coverage, exposure concentration indices, recovery performance — and, for autonomous operations, the Resilience-Opacity Ratio (ROR)."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_02 .
scra:D17_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Business Continuity & Crisis Management"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17 .
scra:D17_bcp_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Business continuity planning (ISO 22301)"@en , "Planeación de continuidad de negocio (ISO 22301)"@es ;
  skos:definition "The formal continuity discipline: business impact analysis, recovery objectives (RTO/RPO) for critical processes, documented continuity strategies, and the ISO 22301 management system."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_03 .
scra:D17_bcp_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Crisis response & command structures"@en , "Respuesta a crisis y estructuras de comando"@es ;
  skos:definition "How the organization decides under fire: incident classification, activation thresholds, crisis command roles, decision rights under uncertainty, and the operating rhythm of a live event."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_03 .
scra:D17_bcp_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Disruption playbooks & response protocols"@en , "Playbooks de disrupción y protocolos de respuesta"@es ;
  skos:definition "Pre-built responses for the predictable failure modes: supplier failure, port closure, plant outage, logistics strike — with triggers, first-72-hours actions, decision trees, and owners."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_03 .
scra:D17_bcp_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Crisis communication & stakeholder management"@en , "Comunicación de crisis y gestión de stakeholders"@es ;
  skos:definition "Managing the information dimension of disruption: internal cascades, customer allocation communication, supplier coordination, regulator notification, and a single source of truth."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_03 .
scra:D17_bcp_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Post-event learning & recovery audits"@en , "Aprendizaje post-evento y auditorías de recuperación"@es ;
  skos:definition "Converting every disruption into structural improvement: structured after-action reviews, root-cause analysis beyond the proximate cause, recovery performance audit against plan, and tracked corrective actions."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_03 .
scra:D17_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Geopolitics & Trade Risk"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17 .
scra:D17_geo_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Geopolitical exposure mapping"@en , "Mapeo de exposición geopolítica"@es ;
  skos:definition "Mapping where the network is exposed to political discontinuity: country concentration of supply, single-region dependencies, chokepoint transit exposure, and political risk scoring of the footprint."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_04 .
scra:D17_geo_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Sanctions, export controls & trade-restriction risk"@en , "Sanciones, controles de exportación y riesgo de restricciones comerciales"@es ;
  skos:definition "The risk lens on trade restrictions: counterparty screening exposure, dual-use and export-control classification risk, sanctions regime monitoring, and restricted-entity contagion in the supply base."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_04 .
scra:D17_geo_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Footprint strategy: nearshoring, friendshoring & regionalization"@en , "Estrategia de footprint: nearshoring, friendshoring y regionalización"@es ;
  skos:definition "Evaluating structural footprint moves through the risk lens: nearshoring and friendshoring business cases, regionalization of supply networks, and the México opportunity in North American re-architecture."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_04 .
scra:D17_geo_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Tariff & trade-war scenario planning"@en , "Planeación de escenarios arancelarios y de guerra comercial"@es ;
  skos:definition "Stress-testing the network against trade-policy discontinuities: tariff scenarios, retaliation dynamics, trade-agreement disruption, and pre-computed response options by scenario."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_04 .
scra:D17_geo_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Country risk intelligence & monitoring"@en , "Inteligencia y monitoreo de riesgo país"@es ;
  skos:definition "The standing intelligence function: structured country risk assessment for sourcing and market decisions, continuous monitoring of political and security developments, and integration into network decisions."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_04 .
scra:D17_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Emerging & Systemic Risk"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17 .
scra:D17_sys_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Climate & catastrophe risk"@en , "Riesgo climático y de catástrofes"@es ;
  skos:definition "Physical climate risk on the network: acute event exposure (hurricanes, floods, drought, heat), chronic shifts affecting sites and logistics, climate stress testing, and adaptation investment."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_05 .
scra:D17_sys_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain cyber risk"@en , "Riesgo cibernético en la cadena de suministro"@es ;
  skos:definition "Cyber as a supply chain risk class: operational technology exposure, supplier cyber posture, software supply chain integrity, and the network impact of cyber events — tooling lives in D16, the risk view here."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_05 .
scra:D17_sys_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Algorithmic & AI systemic risk"@en , "Riesgo sistémico algorítmico y de IA"@es ;
  skos:definition "The risk class created by autonomous operations: emergent behavior in multi-agent systems, opacity accumulation, automation-propagated errors at machine speed, and ROR-based oversight."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_05 .
scra:D17_sys_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Pandemic & systemic shock preparedness"@en , "Preparación para pandemias y choques sistémicos"@es ;
  skos:definition "The shocks that hit everything at once: pandemic-class events, systemic logistics collapse, critical-input crises — where diversification fails and preparedness shifts to absorption capacity."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_05 .
scra:D17_sys_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Insurance & risk transfer"@en , "Seguros y transferencia de riesgo"@es ;
  skos:definition "Financing the residual: property and business-interruption coverage, contingent business interruption for supplier events, parametric instruments, captives, and contractual transfer."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D17_L2_05 .
scra:D18 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Sustainability & Circular Economy"@en , "Sustentabilidad y Economía Circular"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D18_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Sustainability Strategy & Reporting"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18 .
scra:D18_sus_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Scope 1, 2 & 3 emissions: GHG Protocol methodology & supply chain carbon accounting"@en ;
  skos:definition "Scope 3 = 70–90% of total footprint. SBTi: 42% absolute reduction by 2030. EU CBAM: €55/tonne CO2e (2026). Category 1 (purchased goods) and Category 4 (upstream transport) are the largest Scope 3 sources."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_01 .
scra:D18_sus_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "ESG reporting frameworks: GRI, SASB, TCFD & Mexico BIVA reporting"@en ;
  skos:definition "EU CSRD double materiality (financial + impact) applies to non-EU supply chain partners. GRI 3 materiality assessment is the starting point. Mexico BIVA Mercado Sostenible: 80+ companies with ESG reporting requirements."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_01 .
scra:D18_sus_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Sustainable procurement: supplier ESG assessment & green purchasing criteria"@en ;
  skos:definition "EcoVadis: Platinum >85/100. 72% of Fortune 500 include ESG in supplier selection (2025). Scope 3 Cat. 1 reduction requires supplier-level PCF data — the hardest data to collect in any sustainability program."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_01 .
scra:D18_sus_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Green logistics: carbon footprint of transportation & decarbonization strategies"@en ;
  skos:definition "Modal shift: truck 62g vs. rail 22g vs. sea 8g CO2e/tonne-km. Load factor +20% = −20% emissions. EV last-mile breakeven at 80,000 km/year in Mexico (2025). Route optimization: −8–15% fuel AND −8–15% emissions."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_01 .
scra:D18_sus_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Carbon pricing & offset mechanisms: voluntary carbon markets & compliance schemes"@en ;
  skos:definition "VCM offsets: $8–$80 USD/tonne CO2e (quality-dependent). Mexico SCE compliance scheme. EU CBAM €55/tonne (2026). Internal carbon pricing in supply chain cost models before it becomes mandatory."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_01 .
scra:D18_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Circular Economy & Waste Reduction"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18 .
scra:D18_cir_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Circular economy principles: design for circularity, reuse & material recovery"@en ;
  skos:definition "MCI target >0.7 for mature CE programs. Design for disassembly at NPI reduces end-of-life cost 40–60%. Remanufacturing generates 80% less CO2e per unit vs. new manufacturing."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_02 .
scra:D18_cir_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Packaging sustainability: right-sizing, recyclable materials & EPR compliance"@en ;
  skos:definition "EU Packaging Regulation (2025): 100% recyclable by 2030. Mexico LGPGIR + NOM-161 EPR. Right-sizing reduces weight 15–25% and directly reduces Scope 3 transport emissions."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_02 .
scra:D18_cir_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Industrial symbiosis & waste-to-resource: closing material loops in supply chains"@en ;
  skos:definition "Kalundborg Symbiosis: 635,000 tonnes CO2e/year saved from 7 companies. Zero Waste to Landfill: >90% waste diversion target. Mexico CESPEDES coordinates industrial ecology programs."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_02 .
scra:D18_cir_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Water stewardship in supply chain: water risk assessment & efficiency programs"@en ;
  skos:definition "40% of global manufacturing in high water-stress areas (WRI). CDMX, MTY, GDL are high water-stress zones. CDP Water A-list: 28% water withdrawal reduction vs. non-reporters."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_02 .
scra:D18_cir_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain sustainability KPIs: measurement, targets & external verification"@en ;
  skos:definition "Absolute > intensity > activity KPI hierarchy. SBTi validation: 6–18 months. Limited vs. reasonable assurance. GRI 3 materiality assessment required before selecting public KPIs."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_02 .
scra:D18_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Scope 3 Emissions & SC Decarbonization"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18 .
scra:D18_sc3_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Scope 3 measurement: calculating supply chain emissions from purchased goods and services"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_03 .
scra:D18_sc3_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Science-Based Targets (SBTi) for supply chain: setting and achieving decarbonization commitments"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_03 .
scra:D18_sc3_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "CBAM — Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: the SC cost of carbon at the EU border"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_03 .
scra:D18_sc3_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Logistics decarbonization: green freight, alternative fuels, and modal shift"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_03 .
scra:D18_sc3_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Carbon cost in SC decision-making: integrating carbon price into sourcing and network decisions"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_03 .
scra:D18_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Sustainable Sourcing & Supplier ESG"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18 .
scra:D18_ss_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supplier ESG assessment and scoring: beyond audit to continuous monitoring"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_04 .
scra:D18_ss_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Responsible sourcing standards: SA8000, SMETA, RBA, and industry-specific frameworks"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_04 .
scra:D18_ss_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Deforestation-free supply chains: EUDR compliance and traceability requirements"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_04 .
scra:D18_ss_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Conflict minerals and responsible mineral sourcing: OECD Due Diligence Guidance"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_04 .
scra:D18_ss_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supplier capacity building for sustainability: from compliance to co-creation"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_04 .
scra:D18_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "ESG Reporting & Regulatory Compliance"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18 .
scra:D18_esg_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "CSRD (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive): SC disclosure requirements"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_05 .
scra:D18_esg_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "GRI and ISSB standards for supply chain sustainability reporting"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_05 .
scra:D18_esg_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Carbon credits and offset markets: quality, additionality, and SC use cases"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_05 .
scra:D18_esg_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Biodiversity and water risk in supply chain: TNFD and nature-related disclosure"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_05 .
scra:D18_esg_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC sustainability data management: collection, verification, and reporting infrastructure"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D18_L2_05 .
scra:D19 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC Governance, Compliance & Ethics"@en , "Gobernanza SC, Cumplimiento y Ética"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D19_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply Chain Governance"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19 .
scra:D19_gvn_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain governance frameworks: policies, controls & accountability structures"@en ;
  skos:definition "COSO ERM + segregation of duties in procurement. SOX Section 404 applies to Mexican subsidiaries of US-listed companies. ISO 20400 Sustainable Procurement standard."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_01 .
scra:D19_gvn_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Procurement compliance: PO authorization, vendor onboarding & spend controls"@en ;
  skos:definition "3-way match eliminates 95% of payment errors. RFC/SAT vendor validation + bank account verification prevents BEC fraud. Spend authority matrix is the foundational procurement governance tool."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_01 .
scra:D19_gvn_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Anti-corruption & anti-bribery in supply chain: FCPA, UK Bribery Act & Mexico law"@en ;
  skos:definition "FCPA applies to global SC partners of US-listed companies. UK Bribery Act: strict liability for failure to prevent bribery by third parties. Facilitation payments (“mordidas”) are illegal under all three frameworks."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_01 .
scra:D19_gvn_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Trade sanctions & export controls: OFAC, BIS & Denied Party Screening"@en ;
  skos:definition "OFAC SDN violation: up to $1M USD per transaction + criminal prosecution. Automated DPS against 200+ sanction lists is mandatory for any company doing international trade."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_01 .
scra:D19_gvn_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain audit programs: supplier audits, corrective action & continuous monitoring"@en ;
  skos:definition "Tier 1 critical: annual full audit. CAR: 30 days for critical findings. Remote audits 60–70% as effective as on-site. SMETA social audit mandatory for suppliers to European retailers."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_01 .
scra:D19_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Ethics, Human Rights & Labor Standards"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19 .
scra:D19_eth_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Responsible sourcing: conflict minerals, human rights due diligence & OECD guidelines"@en ;
  skos:definition "Germany LkSG (2023): mandatory human rights due diligence for >3,000 global employees. SEC Rule 13p-1: annual conflict minerals disclosure for US-listed companies."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_02 .
scra:D19_eth_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Labor standards in supply chain: ILO conventions, child labor & forced labor prevention"@en ;
  skos:definition "US UFPLA (2022): rebuttable presumption that goods from Xinjiang involve forced labor. Mexico Protocolo de Actuación sobre Trabajo Forzoso (2024). CBP WROs can detain shipments."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_02 .
scra:D19_eth_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supplier code of conduct: implementation, monitoring & grievance mechanisms"@en ;
  skos:definition "SCoC signed by 100% of Tier 1 suppliers as contract condition. Anonymous ethics hotline for supplier workers required by UNGP."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_02 .
scra:D19_eth_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Gender equality & diversity in supply chains: WEPs, supplier diversity & inclusion"@en ;
  skos:definition "Diverse suppliers: 2–10% cost advantage in leading global company procurement evaluations. WeConnect International certifies women-owned businesses for supplier diversity in Mexico."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_02 .
scra:D19_eth_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain transparency & traceability: blockchain, QR codes & origin certification"@en ;
  skos:definition "Blockchain traceability: audit cost reduction 70–80% vs. paper. Mexico COFEPRIS pharmaceutical traceability mandatory since 2023. QR codes link product to full supply chain journey."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_02 .
scra:D19_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Trade Compliance & Customs Management"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19 .
scra:D19_tc_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Import/export compliance: HTS classification, customs valuation, and duty management"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_03 .
scra:D19_tc_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Sanctions screening and restricted party management in SC"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_03 .
scra:D19_tc_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Export controls: EAR, ITAR, and dual-use regulations for SC operations"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_03 .
scra:D19_tc_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Free trade agreement utilization: Rules of Origin and certificate of origin management"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_03 .
scra:D19_tc_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Trade facilitation programs: C-TPAT, AEO, and trusted trader status"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_03 .
scra:D19_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Anti-Corruption, Sanctions & Financial Crime"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19 .
scra:D19_ac_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "FCPA and anti-bribery compliance in SC: third-party risk management"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_04 .
scra:D19_ac_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "OFAC and financial sanctions compliance in procurement and logistics"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_04 .
scra:D19_ac_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain fraud prevention: procurement fraud, invoice fraud, and collusion"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_04 .
scra:D19_ac_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Beneficial ownership and supply chain transparency in the anti-corruption context"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_04 .
scra:D19_ac_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Whistleblower programs and ethics reporting in SC operations"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_04 .
scra:D19_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Digital Governance & AI Ethics in SC"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19 .
scra:D19_dg_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI governance in SC: accountability, explainability, and human oversight"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_05 .
scra:D19_dg_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Data privacy compliance in SC: GDPR, LFPDPPP, and cross-border data transfers"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_05 .
scra:D19_dg_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Blockchain for SC traceability: from pilot to production-grade implementation"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_05 .
scra:D19_dg_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC cybersecurity governance: protecting the digital supply chain from attacks"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_05 .
scra:D19_dg_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Smart contracts and digital procurement: legal validity and operational implementation"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D19_L2_05 .
scra:D20 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Talent, Organization & Future of Work"@en , "Talento, Organización y Futuro del Trabajo"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D20_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC Talent & Organization"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20 .
scra:D20_tal_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain talent strategy: roles, skills & career paths in the digital era"@en ;
  skos:definition "400K+ SC vacancies in North America (2025). Critical skills: Python/SQL analytics, S&OP design, SAP/WMS/TMS fluency, ESG reporting. APICS CPIM/CSCP and Deloitte XP are the reference certifications."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_01 .
scra:D20_tal_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Digital upskilling for supply chain teams: analytics, AI literacy & platform fluency"@en ;
  skos:definition "Top 5 digital SC upskilling priorities: Power BI, Python, SAP S/4HANA, AI agent interaction, ESG reporting. Digital SC professionals: 18–24% higher productivity vs. non-digital peers."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_01 .
scra:D20_tal_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain organization design: centralized vs. decentralized & COE models"@en ;
  skos:definition "COE + embedded is the dominant design for large Mexican companies. 38% of Fortune 500 have a CSCO-equivalent. COE drives standardization; embedded teams drive market responsiveness."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_01 .
scra:D20_tal_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Change management for SC transformations: adoption frameworks & stakeholder management"@en ;
  skos:definition "Prosci ADKAR: without change management only 30% of SC transformation benefits realized. Executive sponsorship is the #1 transformation success predictor. Champions network 1:8–10 accelerates adoption 2–3×."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_01 .
scra:D20_tal_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC leadership & influence: cross-functional collaboration & C-suite communication"@en ;
  skos:definition "SC leaders: 40–60% of time in cross-functional work. Translate metrics: OTIF +7 pp → $3.2M MXN customer credits reduced + 2 accounts protected from defection."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_01 .
scra:D20_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Future of Work in SC"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20 .
scra:D20_fow_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI & automation impact on SC workforce: job transformation, augmentation & new roles"@en ;
  skos:definition "WEF 2030: 26% of SC tasks automated, 97% of SC roles augmented not replaced. New roles: SC AI Agent Orchestrator, Digital Twin Analyst, Sustainability Data Engineer. 85% of SC professionals need digital upskilling by 2027."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_02 .
scra:D20_fow_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Gig economy & flexible workforce in logistics: platforms, crowdsourcing & on-demand staffing"@en ;
  skos:definition "Rappi/iVoy crowdsourced last-mile: 30–50% lower cost for low-density routes. Mexico IMSS gig worker reclassification enforcement since 2022. On-demand warehouse staffing enables 40–60% flex workforce for peak season."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_02 .
scra:D20_fow_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Remote & hybrid work in SC: control tower operations, virtual collaboration & performance management"@en ;
  skos:definition "S&OP planners: 90% remote-capable. Warehouse ops: 40% remote-capable. Control Tower: fully remote-capable with cloud-native platforms. Teams + Power BI embedded is the SC war room standard."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_02 .
scra:D20_fow_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC talent retention: compensation benchmarks, career development & employer branding"@en ;
  skos:definition "SC Manager Mexico 2025: $65K–$95K MXN/month all-in. Voluntary turnover 18–22%/year at Manager level. Top retention: advanced technology exposure + international visibility + competitive compensation."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_02 .
scra:D20_fow_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC academia & certifications: APICS, CSCMP, university programs & continuous learning"@en ;
  skos:definition "APICS CPIM/CSCP + CSCMP SCPro are the global reference certifications. Mexico: ITESM, Anáhuac, UNAM top SC programs. LinkedIn Top Voice in SC: 10K+ followers + 8+ articles/year benchmark."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_02 .
scra:D20_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC Leadership & Strategic Communication"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20 .
scra:D20_sl_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC leader as business partner: translating operational performance into financial language"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_03 .
scra:D20_sl_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Executive communication for SC: presenting risk, investment, and value to the C-suite"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_03 .
scra:D20_sl_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Influence without authority: driving SC decisions across organizational boundaries"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_03 .
scra:D20_sl_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC change management: leading organizational transformation in supply chain"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_03 .
scra:D20_sl_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Building a Mr. Supply Chain® mindset: algorithmic sovereignty and SC as leverage"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_03 .
scra:D20_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC Learning, Development & Capability Building"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20 .
scra:D20_ld_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC competency frameworks: defining the skills required at each career level"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_04 .
scra:D20_ld_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "AI and data literacy for SC professionals: the non-negotiable upskilling agenda"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_04 .
scra:D20_ld_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Succession planning and SC talent pipeline development"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_04 .
scra:D20_ld_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC professional certification landscape: ASCM, ISM, Gartner, and academic programs"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_04 .
scra:D20_ld_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Knowledge management in SC organizations: capturing institutional expertise"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_04 .
scra:D20_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC Organization Design & Operating Model"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20 .
scra:D20_od_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC organizational models: centralized, decentralized, and federated structures"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_05 .
scra:D20_od_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "S&OP operating model design: decision rights, meeting architecture, and governance"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_05 .
scra:D20_od_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Outsourcing SC functions: the strategic and operational decision framework"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_05 .
scra:D20_od_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC center of excellence: design, mandate, and governance"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_05 .
scra:D20_od_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Performance management in SC: KPI cascades, incentives, and accountability structures"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D20_L2_05 .
scra:D21 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC Finance & Value Performance"@en , "Finanzas SC y Desempeño de Valor"@es ;
  skos:topConceptOf scra:SCRA .
scra:D21_L2_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC Finance & Value Management"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21 .
scra:D21_fin_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain cost structure: total cost of ownership (TCO) & cost-to-serve"@en ;
  skos:definition "TCO = purchase price + ordering + carrying + stockout + quality + end-of-life. 20–30% of customers are unprofitable when full SC cost is allocated. Activity-Based Costing is the reference methodology."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_01 .
scra:D21_fin_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Working capital optimization: DIO, DSO, DPO & cash conversion cycle"@en ;
  skos:definition "CCC = DIO + DSO − DPO. 1 day DIO reduction for $100M MXN revenue ≈ $270K MXN cash released. SC levers: DIO via demand sensing; DPO via payment terms; DSO via OTC cycle reduction."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_01 .
scra:D21_fin_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain investment justification: NPV, IRR & business case frameworks"@en ;
  skos:definition "SC tech investment threshold: payback <3 years, IRR >25%. Business case: current pain → future benefits → investment → NPV/IRR/payback at 3 scenarios."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_01 .
scra:D21_fin_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain KPIs linked to financial performance: EBIT, ROCE & EVA impact"@en ;
  skos:definition "OTIF +1 pp → 0.5–1.5% customer credit reduction. DIO −1 day → $revenue/365 × %COGS cash release. SC cost % revenue: FMCG 8–12%, industrial 10–18%, pharma 5–9%."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_01 .
scra:D21_fin_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC financial risk management: hedging strategies, insurance & financial resilience"@en ;
  skos:definition "SCF/reverse factoring enables suppliers to receive early payment at buyer cost of capital. FX hedging 40–60% coverage reduces budget variance 50–70%."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_01 .
scra:D21_L2_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC Value Performance & Benchmarking"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21 .
scra:D21_val_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Supply chain maturity models: SCOR, Gartner SCM Top 25 & capability frameworks"@en ;
  skos:definition "SCOR: Plan–Source–Make–Deliver–Return–Enable. Gartner Top 25: Amazon #1. Distinguishing metrics: perfect order >98%, inventory turns >8×, total SC cost <5% of revenue."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_02 .
scra:D21_val_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC benchmarking: industry KPI benchmarks & competitive positioning"@en ;
  skos:definition "OTIF benchmarks: FMCG >95%, industrial >90%, pharma >97%. Inventory turns: FMCG 8–12×, automotive 15–20×. SC cost %: FMCG 8–12%, industrial 10–18%. Sources: Deloitte Global SC Survey, Gartner Top 25."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_02 .
scra:D21_val_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Perfect order & OTIF: measurement, root cause & improvement roadmap"@en ;
  skos:definition "Perfect Order = On-Time × In-Full × Damage-Free × Invoice-Accurate. 97% OTIF × 98% damage-free × 96% invoice-accurate = 91% perfect order. Walmart/OXXO OTIF penalties: 1–3% of invoice."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_02 .
scra:D21_val_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Inventory performance: turns, fill rate, service level & safety stock optimization"@en ;
  skos:definition "99% SL requires 41% more safety stock than 95% SL. Carrying cost: 20–30%/year. MAPE −10 pp → safety stock −15–25%. SKU rationalization −25% → inventory −15–20%."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_02 .
scra:D21_val_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC value creation: from operational excellence to strategic competitive advantage"@en ;
  skos:definition "SC value hierarchy: operational excellence → customer experience → revenue enablement → strategic agility. CSCO earns C-suite seat by demonstrating revenue protection AND capital release — not just cost reduction."@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_02 .
scra:D21_L2_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Working Capital & Cash Conversion Cycle"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21 .
scra:D21_wc_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cash Conversion Cycle optimization: the SC driver of working capital performance"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_03 .
scra:D21_wc_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO) reduction: inventory as working capital lever"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_03 .
scra:D21_wc_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Days Payable Outstanding (DPO) extension: supply chain finance and reverse factoring"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_03 .
scra:D21_wc_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Days Sales Outstanding (DSO): order-to-cash process as SC working capital driver"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_03 .
scra:D21_wc_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Dynamic discounting and supply chain finance programs"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_03 .
scra:D21_L2_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Total Cost of Ownership & Should-Cost Modeling"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21 .
scra:D21_tco_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Total Cost of Ownership analysis: beyond purchase price to full lifecycle cost"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_04 .
scra:D21_tco_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Should-cost modeling: building the analytical foundation for supplier negotiations"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_04 .
scra:D21_tco_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Make-or-buy analysis: the financial and strategic framework for SC boundary decisions"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_04 .
scra:D21_tco_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Cost-to-serve analysis: understanding the true profitability of customers and channels"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_04 .
scra:D21_tco_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "COGS decomposition: mapping SC cost drivers for improvement prioritization"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_04 .
scra:D21_L2_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC Investment Prioritization & Business Case"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21 .
scra:D21_inv_01 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC business case construction: NPV, IRR, and payback for SC investments"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_05 .
scra:D21_inv_02 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC value quantification: translating operational KPIs into EBIT and FCF impact"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_05 .
scra:D21_inv_03 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "Zero-based SC cost budgeting: building the cost base from first principles"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_05 .
scra:D21_inv_04 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC performance benchmarking: Gartner Top 25, SCOR, and peer comparison"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_05 .
scra:D21_inv_05 a skos:Concept ;
  skos:prefLabel "SC balanced scorecard: integrating operational, financial, and strategic metrics"@en ;
  skos:broader scra:D21_L2_05 .